1. COMMUNITY ECOLOGY PP

2. SYMBIOSIS
Close interactions between two (populations) of organisms

3. Competition (+/-)

4. Niches overlap and resources are limited a) Intraspecific competition: competition within the same species (population ecology)

6. b) Interspecific competition: two different
species use same food source
Fundamental niche: set of resources a population is capable of using under ideal conditions
Realized niche: resources a population actually uses due to interactions or competition

7. c) Competitive exclusion: one species presence causes other species to die, move, or switch to a new food source

8. d) Character displacement: divergence of characteristics (i. e
d) Character displacement: divergence of characteristics (i.e. beaks in finches) e) Resource (niche) partitioning: using specific parts of the same resource (i.e. trees)

9. Mutualism (+/+)

10. Commensalism (+/0)

11. Parasitism (+/-)
One species (parasite) lives in or on another species (host) often weakening it but never killing the host

12. Predation (+/-) One species (predator) eats another species (prey)
Types: carnivores, herbivores

14. Cyclic in nature – ↑ in prey leads to ↑ in predators (and vice versa)
PREY: SEA URCHINS
PREDATOR: SEA
STARS
Cyclic in nature – ↑ in prey leads to ↑ in predators (and vice versa)
Adaptations in prey for defense against predators

15. Responses to Predation
Camouflage and deceptive markings: Cryptic coloration disguises an animal so it’s less visible to predators or prey

16. Warning coloration: intended not to camouflage an organism but to make it more noticeable
- Bright coloring, scent, or taste to warn
potential aggressors

18. Mimicry: physical (or behavioral resemblance) of one species to another
1. Natural selection of a second moth species
favors moths who look like the bad tasting
species (bright colors)
2. Color patterns may be similar

19. Moment of truth defenses: action by prey just before death that is unexpected by predator

20. Alluring coloration: animals are colored so a predator's attention is drawn to a non-vital part of the prey's body