1. Cell Respiration A. Forms of energy B. States of energy 1. Potential
2. Kinetic
1. heat
5. sound
2. light
6. chemical
3. electric
7. mechanical
4. atomic
8. solar

2. Cell Respiration C. What is energy?
1. The capacity to do work or overcoming resistance
D. First Law of Thermodynamics
1. Energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be changed from one form to another

3. Cell Respiration E. Energy Transformations in a Living System
Photosynthesis
autotrophs/producers
heterotrophs / consumers
chloroplast / chlorophyll
mitochondria
CO2 + H20
C6H12O6 + O2
CO2 + H20 + ATP
C6H12O6 + O2

4. Chemical Pathways
Food serves as a source of raw materials for the cells in the body and as a source of energy.
Animal Cells
Animal
Mitochondrion
Plant
Plant Cells

5. Both plant and animal cells carry out the final stages of cellular respiration in the mitochondria.
Outer membrane
Intermembrane space
Animal Cells
Mitochondrion
Inner membrane
Plant Cells
Matrix

6. 55 gallons of milk analogy
Cell Respiration
F. The Outcome of Cell Respiration
1. Repackaging of the energy found in glucose
1 molecule of Glucose
55 gallons of milk analogy
36/38 molecules of ATP

7. Cell Respiration Chemical Energy and Food
One gram of the sugar glucose (C6H12O6), when burned in the presence of oxygen, releases 3811 calories of heat energy.
A calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius.

8. Cell Respiration ATP Glucose C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 +H2O
F. The Outcome of Cell Respiration
1. Repackaging of the energy found in glucose
Glucose
ATP
C6H12O6 + O2
CO2 +H2O
2. ATP: energy currency molecule
a. currency?
Spend or save

9. Cell Respiration + HEAT F. The Outcome of Cell Respiration
3. How much energy from glucose?
a. 1 molecule of Glucose
38 / 36 molecules of ATP +
HEAT
4. Breaking Down Glucose
a. Aerobic
i. with oxygen
b. Anaerobic
i. without oxygen

10. Cell Respiration 4. Breaking Down Glucose a. Anaerobic
i. without oxygen
ii. Fermentation processes
iii. Anaerobic organisms
Clostridium tetani
Tetanus toxin
Clostridium botulinum
Botulism toxin
Clostridium perfringes
Gas gangrene

11. Cell Respiration OXYGEN 5. Foundational Concepts a. Oxidation
i. Combining of a substance with
Slow oxidation
rust
Rapid oxidation
fire

12. Cell Respiration Enzymes 5. Foundational Concepts a. Oxidation
Very rapid oxidation
explosion
medium oxidation
i. Biological oxidation / Cell respiration
ii. Mediated release of energy from glucose
Mediated by?
Enzymes

13. Cell Respiration REDUCTION 5. Foundational Concepts a. Oxidation
i. combining with oxygen
ii. removal of a hydrogen
iii. removal of an electron
the chemical definition of oxidation
iv. When oxidation occurs a linked process also occurs
REDUCTION

14. Cell Respiration Oxidation REDUCTION lose electron Gain electron
5. Foundational Concepts
a. Oxidation
iv. When oxidation occurs a linked process also occurs
Oxidation
REDUCTION
lose electron
Gain electron
iv. Famous pairs

15. Cell Respiration O I L R I G Oxidation if lost Reduction if gained
5. Foundational Concepts
a. Oxidation and Reduction Reactions
i. REDOX reactions
O I L R I G
Oxidation if lost
Reduction if gained

16. Cell Respiration Adenosine Tri Phosphate 5. Foundational Concepts
a. Oxidation and Reduction Reactions
b. ATP
Adenosine
Tri
Phosphate
i. Energy carrier molecule
ii. Energy currency molecule
iii. Energy transfer molecule

17. Adenosine Monophosphate
Cell Respiration
5. Foundational Concepts
b. ATP
Adenosine
Tri
Phosphate + + P
Adenine
Phosphate
Ribose sugar
Adenosine Monophosphate

18. Cell Respiration HIGH ENERGY BOND 5. Foundational Concepts b. ATP
Adenosine Diphosphate
Adenosine Triphosphate

19. Cell Respiration 5. Foundational Concepts
c. Hydrogen (electron) Acceptor Molecules
1. Coenzymes
Enzyme helpers
i. Carry hydrogens from point “a” to point “b”
2. Kinds of Coenzyme helpers
i. NAD
contains vitamin B3 - Niacin
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
NAD + 2H
NADH2
Reduced: gained e-
Hydrogens lost from substance (oxidized)

20. Cell Respiration 5. Foundational Concepts
c. Hydrogen (electron) Acceptor Molecules
2. Kinds of Coenzyme helpers
ii. FAD
contains riboflavin- vitamin B2
FAD + 2H
FADH2
Reduced: gained e-
Hydrogens lost from substance (oxidized)

21. Overview of Cellular Respiration
Electrons carried in NADH
Electrons carried
in NADH and
FADH2
Pyruvic acid
Glucose
Glycolysis
Cytoplasm
Mitochondrion
Cell Respiration and The “B” movie

22. Cell Respiration G. The Process of Cell Respiration stage occurs
Aerobic or anaerobic
ATP yield
glycolysis
cytoplasm
anaerobic
2 ATPs
Krebs Cycle or citric acid
Mitochondria Matrix
aerobic
2ATPs
Electron
Transport
Chain
Mitochondria
Cristae
Aerobic
34/32 ATPs

23. Cell Respiration G. First Phase: Glycolysis 1. overview a. anaerobic
b. Most organisms carry out glycolysis (aerobic and anaerobic)
i. anaerobes: only energy pathway
c. aerobic: prepatory stage for aerobes like us
d. Takes place in the cytoplasm
e. Net ATP yield: 2 ATP for cell

24. Cell Respiration G. First Phase: Glycolysis (overview) Glucose (6C)
Nine Steps
cytoplasm
Pyruvic Acid (3C)
Pyruvic Acid (3C)
mitochondria
Acetyl CoA (2C)
Acetyl CoA (2C)
Begins Krebs
Begins Krebs

25. Cell Respiration
G. First Phase: Glycolysis

26. Glycolysis ATP Production
At the beginning of glycolysis, the cell uses up 2 molecules of ATP to start the reaction.
2 ATP
2 ADP
4 ADP
4 ATP
Glucose
2 Pyruvic
acid

27. Lactic Acid Fermentation
Cell Respiration
Pyruvic pathways
Alcohol Fermentation
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Cell Respiration
aerobic
anaerobic
anaerobic
glucose
glucose
glucose
glycolysis
glycolysis
pyruvic acid
pyruvic acid
pyruvic acid
ethanol
CO2
lactic acid
CO2
H2O

28. Lactic Acid Fermentation
Cell Respiration
Pyruvic pathways
Alcohol Fermentation
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Cell Respiration
aerobic
anaerobic
anaerobic
pyruvic acid
pyruvic acid
pyruvic acid
ethanol
CO2
lactic acid
CO2
H2O
2ATP
2ATP
36 / 38 ATP