1. Assessing Disease Progression in MS Treatment

3. Program Goals

4. Biomarkers in MS

5. Limitations of Clinical and MRI Assessments

6. Clinical Use of Markers of Progression in RRMS

7. Characteristics of Ideal Biomarkers

8. Lymphocytosis and Lymphocyte Profile

9. OCT

10. CSF Markers of Inflammation

11. Limitations of CSF Markers of Inflammation

12. Molecular Imaging

13. Neurofilament Levels as Markers of Disease Activity

14. NfL Levels as Markers of Therapeutic Response

15. NfL as a Marker of Therapeutic Response: Summary

16. Limitations of Serum NfL Assessment in Clinical Practice

17. Metabolic Imaging

18. Limitations of Clinical Assessments of Progression

19. Leptomeningeal Contrast Enhancement

20. Safety of Repeated Gd-Enhanced MRI

21. Kynurenine Pathway in Progression to SPMS

22. Challenges in Assessing Therapeutic Response in SPMS

23. The Need for Different Imaging Markers for PPMS

24. Conclusions

25. Abbreviations

26. Abbreviations (cont)