1. Effect of allergist intervention on patient-centered and societal outcomes: Allergists as leaders, innovators, and educators 
Robert S. Zeiger, MD, PhD, Michael Schatz, MD 
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 
Volume 106, Issue 6, Pages (December 2000)
DOI: /mai
Copyright © 2000 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Primary immune responses to allergens encountered early in life include TH1- and TH2-like immunity. With repeated exposure over time, either type becomes dominant. In most individuals (nonatopics), the likelihood for TH1-type immunity to eventually prevail is high. In individuals with a propensity for atopy; however, TH2-type immunity associated with continuing IgE antibody formation is common. This genetically determined propensity toward a certain immunity is modified by environmental factors, such as infections and other microbrial stimulation, which select TH1-like immunity and pollution, including environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), which stimulate a prolonged TH2-like immune response. Red, Pro-TH2; blue, pro-TH1. (Modified with permission from Bjorksten B, Kjellman NIM, Zeiger RS. Development and prevention of allergic disease in childhood. In: Middleton E Jr, Reed CE, Ellis EF, Adkinson NF Jr, Yunginger JW, Busse WW, editors. Allergy: principles and practice. 5th ed. St Louis: Mosby; p )
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  , DOI: ( /mai )
Copyright © 2000 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Historical milestones of important interventions influenced by allergists in development or implementation. IMT, Immunotherapy.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  , DOI: ( /mai )
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4. Fig. 3
An outline of the scope and function of the practice of allergy. IV, Intravenous; ASA, aspirin; CAMP, Childhood Asthma Management Program; CAMPCS, CAMP Continuation Study; CARE, Childhood Asthma and Education Network; ACRN, Asthma Clinical Research Network; ICAS, Inner City Asthma Study; NCICAS, National Cooperative Inner City Asthma Study.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  , DOI: ( /mai )
Copyright © 2000 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 4
Facilitated asthma specialist (allergist) referral and care compared with usual care after an index ER visit for asthma reduces asthma ER relapse during a 6-month follow-up. Kaplan-Meier survival for the time to first ER relapse after the index ER visit. (Modified with permission from Zeiger RS, Heller S. Facilitated referral to asthma specialist reduces relapses in asthma emergency room visits. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1991;87: )
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  , DOI: ( /mai )
Copyright © 2000 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

6. Fig. 5
Clinically significant improvements in overall asthma specific QOL scores (AQLQ) 1, 3, and 6 months after asthma care shifted from generalist to allergist service in a large staff model HMO. Greatest improvements are seen in moderate and severe persistent asthmatics by 2-way ANOVA. (Mild = mild persistent asthma; moderate = moderate persistent asthma; severe = severe persistent asthma.)
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  , DOI: ( /mai )
Copyright © 2000 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

7. Fig. 6
Risk factors for allergic disease and their modulation at different stages of allergy prevention. DEP, Diesel exhaust particles; ISS, immunostimulatory sequences. (Modified with permission from Bjorksten B, Kjellman NIM, Zeiger RS. Development and prevention of allergic disease in childhood. In: Middleton E Jr, Reed CE, Ellis EF, Adkinson NF Jr, Yunginger JW, Busse WW, editors. Allergy: principles and practice. 5th ed. St Louis: Mosby; p )
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  , DOI: ( /mai )
Copyright © 2000 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions