1. Responding to Liberalism
The way of life can be free and beautiful. But we have lost the way.
Greed has poisoned men's souls - has barricaded the world with hate; has goose-stepped us into misery and bloodshed.
We have developed speed but we have shut ourselves in: machinery that gives abundance has left us in want. Our knowledge has made us cynical, our cleverness hard and unkind. We think too much and feel too little: More than machinery we need humanity; More than cleverness we need kindness and gentleness.
Charlie Chaplin

4. market forces: Supply, demand, competition, guide the economy…
ADAM SMITH
CLASSICAL LIBERAL
THE WEALTH OF NATIONS
(1776)
market forces: Supply, demand, competition, guide the economy…
consumer is in charge

5. THE PURSUIT OF SELF-INTEREST (PROFIT MOTIVE) WILL RESULT IN COLLECTIVE WELL-BEING

7. Industrial Revolution
(Smith’s ideas…economic liberalism in action)
19th century….period of profound change
new technologies
impact on social organization
meaning and purpose of life…money??

8. Efficiency…mechanization

9. Assembly line…Profits

10. Workers as a commodity

11. Robber Barons or Captain of Industry?

13. COLLECTIVE GOOD INDIVIDUAL INTEREST

14. Factories and Workers’ Housing

15. Poverty, hunger, disease, crime

17. Coal crucial to the Industrial Revolution
WORK IN THE MINES
Coal crucial to the Industrial Revolution
Before 1842 there were no protection laws regarding age limits, hours or conditions of work
Teams of women employed to use windlass to lift coal and workers.
Men refused to do such work.

18. CHILDREN WORKING IN MINES
“I have been down six weeks and made 10 to 14 trips from the face to the top each day. I carry a full 56 lbs of coal in a wooden bucket. I work with sister Jesse and mother. It is dark the time we go”
(girl 6 years old)
“I have a belt around my waist, and a chain passing between my legs, and I go on my hands and feet. The road is very steep and we…hold onto anything we can…I am not as strong as I was…I have drawn til I had the skin off me…” (32 year old woman)

20. IN THE TEXTILE MILLS
youngest children usually employed as scavengers and piecers
SCAVENGERS
picked up loose cotton from under machinery
extremely dangerous, children were expected to carry out the task while machines were still working
PIECERS
children had to lean over spinning machines to repair broken threads
might walk 20 miles per day

21. UNCOMPLAINING ACCEPTANCE
Life, work conditions brutal and degrading
poverty, periodic unemployment, over-crowded and inadequate housing, bad work conditions, restricted opportunities
high incidence of dismemberment, disease, death
human existence is a struggle, survival is an end in itself
fatalistic attitude, ‘God gives and God takes away’

22. CRIPPLED

23. PARISH (PAUPER) APPRENTICES
Many parents -unwilling to allow children to
work in textile factories.
labour shortage - factory owners had to find other ways of obtaining workers.
solution - buy children from orphanages and workhouses.
Pauper apprentices - children signing contracts that virtually made them property of the factory owner
Apprentices who ran away were in danger of
being sent to prison…potential runaways were sometimes placed in irons

24. Orphanges

25. Reforms put in motion by the Government…..
MINES ACT (1842)
no females employed underground
no boys under 10 years old underground
nothing regulating hours of work

26. FACTORY ACT (1833)
to improve conditions for children working in factories
no children under 9 years of age
reduced hours for children 9-18
children not to work at night
2 hours schooling per day
four inspectors appointed for entire country

27. NEW POOR LAW (1834) provide refuge for ailing & helpless
anyone accepting relief in ‘repellent’ workhouse must lack moral determination to survive
principle of ‘less eligibility’ – conditions inside
workhouse should never be better than those of an independent laborer of lowest class
reduce cost of looking after the poor
encourage poor people to work hard to support themselves
workhouse intended to replace all other forms of relief

28. Reactions to industry
LUDDITES
The Luddites, a band of nineteenth century English handicraftsmen, were rioting in protest to the textile machinery that had taken them out of business.
Luddites destroyed thousands of pieces of machinery until they finally met their own demise around 1817 and the government was able to control Luddites riots.
During the Industrial Revolution, the laws and customs, which had been installed to protect the working class of England, were ignored and eventually abandoned.
For example, the Minimum Wage Bill of 1808 decreased minimum wage and the Combination Acts, banned trade unions, as well. These were just some of the many sparks which drove the Luddites to rebellion.

29. Is the good Samaritan a bad economist?
CHARLES DICKENS ( )
SOME OF HIS GREAT BOOKS
Oliver Twist
Christmas Carol
Hard Times
Great Expectations
Is the good Samaritan a bad economist?

31. Labor Unions…Winnipeg 1919
For six weeks in the summer of 1919 the city of Winnipeg, Manitoba was crippled by a massive and dramatic general strike.
Frustrated by unemployment, inflation, poor working conditions and regional disparities after World War I, workers from both the private and public sectors joined forces to shut down or drastically reduce most services.
The workers were orderly and peaceful, but the reaction from the employers, city council and the federal government was aggressive.
The strike ended in "Bloody Saturday" when the Royal North-West Mounted Police attacked a gathering of strike supporters.
Two strikers were killed, 30 wounded and many arrested. Workers won little in the strike, and it was another 20 years before collective bargaining was recognized in Canada.

33. Great Depression..1929

34. March to Ottawa…Regina Riot 1935

36. Over time rights of workers have improved…capitalism provides excellent products at fair prices …but the economy is subject to inflation and unemployment

37. Alberta…winners and losers

38. This car is worth 5 million pounds… Bugatti Veyron V16 engine 1000bhp with 9 radiators Top speed 405km/hr(!)  Probably the most expensive car in the world with the most expensive number plate in the UAE

41. SELF INTEREST OR GREED?

42. THE INEVITABLE COLLAPSE OF CAPITALISM?...maybe so….

43. Out Sourcing