2. Our Universe
What it is like, how it started, how it evolved to its current state, and how it will end

3. Early universe…….
Hard to study………
Math breaks
Divide by zero errors
Brains break

4. FUTURE EVERYTHING!

5. Super stretch
Everywhere
Everywhere
Stretch!
Space and time expansion
Still happening

6. STARTS EXPANDING…..
EVERYWHERE
Stretch!
ENERGY INCREASING, BECOMING LIKE A BOMB…….

7. BOOM!
Not an explosion

8. Hot stretch!
Space expands

9. Time starts
Tick tick tick……
Before “bang”? Bad question. It is like asking what is North of North pole.

10. The Universe Looked More Like This a white hot plasma

11. The Big Bang Not really an ‘explosion’
Universe expanded rapidly as a whole
Matter was created in the form of tiny particles (protons, neutrons, electrons)
Too hot for normal ‘stuff’ to form (eg atoms, molecules)
Four forces/rules separate

12. E=mc2 Plasma begins cooling Particles precipitate out of matter
Energy =mass
Just particles, hot stretchy space and time
No stars, galaxies, life or Biebers

14. COSMIC ‘SOUP’

15. COSMIC ‘SOUP’
PROTON
NEUTRON
ELECTRON

16. 300,000 Years Later….. Universe much cooler, atoms start to form…..
Hydrogen, Helium, normal ‘stuff’

18. Universe is now a GAS

19. Universe is now a GAS
HELIUM
HYDROGEN

21. GRAVITY!

22. Gravitational Collapse
We started with a uniform gas
Small regions became more dense
The denser regions had larger gravity and started to pull other particles towards them
The gaseous Universe began to look ‘clumpy’

23. Formation of Structure!
The Universe began very hot & dense following the Big Bang.
As it expanded and cooled, large clouds of gas could be compressed by gravity, forming stars and galaxies..

24. Gravitational Collapse
Regions with more particles (higher density) become gas clouds
Gas clouds become stars and galaxies
Galaxies congregate together in filaments, groups and clusters

25. But we are inside one of these galaxies, so all we see are the
nearby stars. We can see other galaxies if we use a telescope

26. Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation!
Shows that the universe is nearly the same temperature in every direction.
Indicates a massive explosion-like event occurred in the universe about 13.7 Billion years ago!

27. The BIG BANG! Evidence: The universe is expanding.
The amount of gas in the universe matches with what should have been created by a big bang.
We see dim microwave radiation coming from every direction… an afterglow!

28. The Gemini Telescope

31. Working Timeline since BB

32. Future? The Universe is still expanding All galaxies are moving apart
The ‘explosion’ of the big bang is still happening!
It may contine expanding forever
Or is may stop expanding, and fall inwards in a big CRUNCH!

33. What have we learned? The Universe started with a BIG BANG
Gradually the particles were drawn together under GRAVITY to form STARS and GALAXIES
Many stars have planets around them
The fate of the Universe is uncertain…

34. THE END