1. Energy in Earth Processes
Earth Science
Mr. Cloud

2. Energy Energy: is the capacity or ability to do work.
The capacity to make a change.
Energy comes in many forms:
Chemical Energy
Radiant Energy
Solar Energy
Thermal Energy
Mechanical Energy
Nuclear Energy
Electrical Energy
Energy is expressed in units of work Joules (kJ,J) or Calories (kcal, cal)

3. Energy
Thermodynamics: the study of energy and its transformation 3

4. Energy 1st Law of Thermodynamics – Law of Conservation of Total Energy
energy can change forms, but is not created or destroyed
Where does the energy to light your home come from?
Using you knowledge of the 1st Law of Thermodynamics, arrange the following forms of energy in the proper order. Discuss how one form transforms into another.

5. Potential vs. Kinetic Energy
Stored Energy
Energy of Motion 5

6. 1st Law of Thermodynamics
Forms of Energy:
Kinetic energy
Potential energy
electrical energy
mechanical energy
heat energy
electromagnetic energy

8. Temperature v. Heat
What is the difference between temperature and heat?
Use your review books to figure it out.
2009 Edition: Topic 5

9. Temperature
A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles of a body of matter.
Thermometer: instrument that measures temperature
How does temperature relate to the amount and type of electromagnetic energy radiated from a body of matter?
Three temperature scales: Celsius, Kelvin, Fahrenheit

10. Heat Energy
Transfer of energy from regions of high temperature to areas of lower temperature.
SOURCE  SINK
Low Temperature !
High Temperature!

12. Heat Calculation: Enthalpy
Q = m . c . Δ T
specific heat
(J/g . oC)
change in temperature (oC)
Heat (Joules)
Mass (g)

13. Heat Calculation
A student uses a Bunsen Burner to heat a test tube filled with 25 g of liquid water. The temperature of the water increases from 10 oC to 15 oC.
How many joules were absorbed by the water?
25g J/g. oC . 5 oC
522.5 J

14. How many joules were released from the sample?
Heat Calculation
A student cools a 36g sample of granite from 200 oC to 125 oC.
How many joules were released from the sample?
2133 J

15. Types of Energy Transfer
Conduction
Convection
Radiation

16. Conduction: ‘Touch’ Energy transfer by molecular or atomic collision
Metals are the best conductors of heat energy

17. Convection: ‘Density’
Heat transfer driven by differences in density
Heat transfer within fluids

18. Radiation Energy transfer via electromagnetic waves No medium required
Sunlight radiates towards Earth at various wavelengths