1. Catalyst
Create a circle map about mutations.
Mutations

2. Mutations Announcement
Quiz on Monday!!! DNA vs. RNA, Protein synthesis, and Mutations
Test Thursday!!! All genetics lessons

3. Any change in DNA is a mutation.
I. Mutations
Any change in DNA is a mutation.
caused by mistakes during…
DNA replication of mitosis
Transcription
meiosis
Also can be caused by environmental factors like…
Radiation
Carcinogens

4. II. Mutations in Reproductive (Sex) Cells VS. Body cells
-Mutations in sex cells a.k.a. gametes (sperm and egg cells) can be passed down to a person’s children, but might not affect the parent
-Mutations in body cells cannot be passed on to your children, however, they can cause cancer or other problems

5. II. Mutations in sex cells
-X-men and X-women would be a result of mutations in sex cells. These people inherited mutated (changed) DNA from their parents:

6. III. Cancer as a result of mutations in body cells:

7. III. Cancer as a result of mutations in body cells:
Carcinogens- environmental/chemical factors that cause cancer
Tongue cancer and lung cancer are often caused by changes in body cells as a result of smoking, so don’t smoke!!!

8. Radiation- Think Spider-Man!!!

9. IV. Point mutation
-A point mutation is a change of one base in a DNA sequence.
can cause an amino acid to change, which then changes the protein being made.
Example: DNA | RNA | Amino Acid
TAC  AUG Met
TTC  AAG Lys
-Only one letter was SUBSTITUTED (the A to a T) and the entire amino acid changed (from methionine to lysine).

10. IV. Point mutation Normal Point mutation mRNA Protein Stop
Replace G with A
Point mutation
mRNA
Protein
Stop

11. Point mutations in our lives!
-Sickle cell anemia is a blood disease caused by a SUBSTITUTION point mutation.
-A single nucleotide is changed from “A” to “T” which causes the amino acid to change from glutamic acid to valine:
Amino acids: Thr – Pro – Glu – Glu
Normal: ACT CCT GAG GAG
Sickle cell: ACT CCT GTG GAG
Amino acids: Thr – Pro – Val – Glu

12. Point mutations in our lives!
-People with sickle cell anemia often experience a lot of pain and swelling and have trouble exercising.

13. V. Frameshift mutation
-A frameshift mutation is when one nucleotide is inserted or deleted from the DNA or mRNA strand.
-A frameshift mutation is worse…. WHY???
Ex: DNA TACTTCAAACCGCGTAACATT
mRNA
Protein

14. Difference between a substitution mutation and a frameshift mutation.

15. Questions: Is this a substitution mutation or a frameshift mutation?
-It’s a substitution mutation because G was replaced with a T!

16. Questions: THE DOG BIT THE CAT THE DOG BIT THE CAR
Substitution or frameshift?
Substitution!

17. Questions THE DOG BIT THE CAT THE DOB ITT HEC AT
Substitution or frameshift?
Frameshift! The mutated sentence makes no sense (non-sense) and thus the protein will not be made

18. ATCGCGTATTCG ATCGGGTATTCG
What mutation is this??
ATCGCGTATTCG ATCGGGTATTCG

19. What mutation happened here??
ATCGCGTATTCG ATCGCTATTCG

20. What mutation happened here??
ATCGCGTATTCG ATCGCGTTATTCG