1. THE GREAT DEPRESSION

2. Venn Diagram Make a Venn Diagram with 3 interlocking circles
Circle 1: Political Impacts
Circle 2: Social Impacts
Circle 3: Economic Impacts
Take notes as you flip through the slideshow on the major effects of the Great Depression on American Society

3. IMPACT ON SOCIETY

4. GUIDING QUESTION
How did the Great Depression alter the American social fabric in the 1930s?
(from 1996)

5. Effects on Business & Industry
GNP – $104 billion in 1929 to $56 billion in 1933
Total national income – fell by over 50%
Corporate profits - from $10 billion to $1 billon
Business failures: 100,000 between 1929 and 1933
Brinkley 10e

6. Effects on Business & Industry
Bank failures
about 20% all banks (over 6000) between 1929 and 1933)
over 9 million savings accounts lost($2.5 billion)
Depositors gathering outside a bank, April 1933
Bank Failures,
Graph: Divine America Past and Present Revised 7th Ed.
Outside Bank:
American Journey Online
1932

7. Effects of the Crash Great Crash World Payments Investors
Businesses and Workers
Investors lose millions.
Businesses lose profits.
Consumer spending drops.
Workers are laid off.
Businesses cut investment and production Some fail.
Banks
Businesses and workers cannot repay bank loans.
Savings accounts are wiped out.
Bank runs occur
Banks run out of money and fail.
World Payments
Overall U.S. production plummets.
U.S. investors have little or no money to invest.
U.S. investments in Germany decline.
German war payments to Allies fall off.
Europeans cannot afford American goods.
Allies cannot pay debts to United States.
Pathways

8. Effect on workers and families
Unemployment ~25% in 1932
underemployment
patterns of reemployment and layoffs
hobos
“Depression mentality”
This photograph shows men lined up at the New York City Employment Bureau.  In the early years of the Great Depression, in the absence of federal jobs programs or of any sort of local or state unemployment assistance, people turned to agencies such as the New York City Employment Bureau to look for work.  Nationally, the unemployment rate had risen from 3 percent in 1929 to 6.3 percent in 1930 and to 16.5 percent in 1931; it stood at 29.4 percent in 1932, the year this photograph was taken.  [ajo]
Unemployment Graph: Faragher, Out of Many, 3rd Ed.;
Men Lined Up at the New York City Employment Bureau, 1932

9. Effect on workers and families
Malnutrition
Disease: tuberculosis, typhoid and dysentery.
City & state relief systems in industrial Northeast and Midwest collapse
soup kitchens and bread lines
Soup kitchen, Chicago, 1930
(Chicago)
Soup kitchen, 1931 (Cleveland)

10. Dorothea Lange “White Angel Breadline“ San Francisco 1933
White Angel Breadline" By Dorothea Lange, San Francisco, California, 1933 National Archives and Records Administration, Records of the Social Security Administration Copyright the Dorothea Lange Collection, Oakland Museum of California, City of Oakland, Gift of Paul S. Taylor. (47-GA )

11. Effect on workers and families
Women
Working - 25% more
New Deal – lower pay
Women’s Rights Movement - lowest point in a century
Families
Housing
Stress - divorce
Health – disease, suicide
Migrants - from South and Midwest to West
Women in Workplace: Brinkley 10e; This photograph was taken by Resettlement Administration (RA) photographer Carl Mydans (b. 1907) in March 1936.  It shows a woman and her two children in the abandoned chassis of a Ford automobile--their home--on U.S. Route 70 in Tennessee. [ajo]
Mother and two children living in an abandoned car in Tennessee, 1936
Women in Workplace

12. Effects on Farmers “Dust Bowl” “Okies” Grapes of Wrath Dust Bowl
Resettlement Adminstration
Pageant 13e
Dust Bowl
Dust storm, Springfield, CO, 1935

13.
Dust storm, Elkhart, KS, 1937

14. The Dust Bowl Aftermath of dust storms, South Dakota, 1936
Abandoned house, Haskell County, Kansas“, By Irving Rusinow, April 1941; National Archives and Records Administration, Records of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics, 83-G-41906)
Dust Bowl farm. Coldwater District, north of Dalhart, Texas. This house is occupied; most of the houses in this district have been abandoned. Lange, Dorothea, photographer June 1938 (LOC AmMem FSA-OWI(
Abandoned house, Kansas, April 1941
Dust Bowl Farm, Texas, 1938

15. Migrants “Okies” migrate west in 1939
A Destitute Family in the Ozark Mountains. 1935
“Okies” migrate west in 1939
This impoverished family in the Ozark Mountains region of northwestern Arkansas was photographed in October 1935 for the Resettlement Administration (RA) by Ben Shahn ( )
“Okies” -
“Covered Wagon” -
Dorthea Lange, “Covered Wagon Again” 1935

16. Migrants in California
"Cheap Auto Camp Housing for Citrus Workers“; By Dorothea Lange, Tulare County, California, February 1940; National Archives and Records Administration, Records of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics, (83-G-41555)
Migratory family in auto camp. California. Dorothea Lange 1936 (LOC Am Mem FSA/OWI)
"Cheap Auto Camp Housing for Citrus Workers“; Dorothea Lange, Tulare County, California, Feb. 1940
Migrant Auto Camp, California, 1936

17. “Migrant Mother” Dorothea Lange 1936
Migrant Mother. Lange, Dorothea. 1936

18. Effects on American Culture
Reactions of most Americans
Effects on basic values (capitalism, democracy, individualism)
Alternatives: socialism, communism?
Whom to blame?
Popular Culture and Escapism
Frank Capra
Walt Disney
Gone With the Wind

19. Effects on Politics Republican domination of government ended
Power of federal government increased greatly – New Deal
Socialism and Communism - failed to become a major force in American politics. Socialist party of America - Norman Thomas
American Communist party of the 1930s
Lincoln Brigade
The Popular Front
Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact (1939)

20. Go back and highlight the most significant political, economic, and social effects of the Great Depression?