1. Chap-19: The Kinetic Theory of Gases
The kinetic theory of gases relates the macroscopic properties of gases (for example, pressure and temperature) to the microscopic properties of gas molecules (for example, speed and kinetic energy).
Avogadro's Number: One mole of a substance contains NA (Avogadro's number) elementary units (usually atoms or molecules), where NA is found experimentally to be
The number of moles n contained in a sample of mass Msam, consisting of N molecules, is given by (M =molar mass):

2. Ideal Gas Law
A railroad tank car crushed overnight

3. Work Done by an Ideal Gas

4. Pressure, Temperature, and RMS Speed
Gas
Molar Mass (g/mol)
vrms (m/s)
Hydrogen (H2)
2.02
1920
Helium (He)
4.0
1370
Water vapor (H2O)
18.0
645
Nitrogen (N2)
28.0
517
Oxygen (O2)
32.0
483
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
44.0
412
Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
64.1
342