1. Objectives The student will… Standards
Analyze Constitutional articles and identify the roles of the three branches of government
Describe the constitutional amendment process.
Identify statements made by Federalists or Anti-Federalists
Standards
GC.6 Describe the systems of enumerated and shared powers, the role of organized interests (Federalist Number 10), checks and balances (Federalist Number 51), the importance of an independent judiciary (Federalist Number 78), implied powers, rule of law, federalism, popular sovereignty, and civilian control of the military. (P)
GC.10 Describe in order the steps of the process through which the Constitution can be amended. (P)

2. The Battle over the Constitution

3. The Constitution The US Constitution creates our nation’s government
Lays out the three branches and directs how the federal government works
The oldest written constitution in the world that is still in use

4. The Preamble Introduces the Constitution
Explains what the Constitution is meant to do
Describes the purpose of the new government

5. Article analysis Summarize the article – What are the main ideas?
15 minutes

6. Article I What does Article I do? What does legislative mean?
Why is it the longest section?
What are the two parts of Congress?
What are the qualifications to be in the Senate? The House?
How many representatives come from each state for the Senate? The House?

7. Article II What does Article II do? What does this branch do?
Who all is included in this branch?
How is the president chosen?
What are the duties of the president?

8. Article III What does Article III do? What is the job of this branch?
Are judges appointed or elected?
How long do they serve?

9. Article IV Can states make their own laws?
What is each state required to do in reference to other states’ laws and court decisions?
What is extradition?
How are new states admitted to the union?
What kind of government must states have?

10. Article V What does this article describe?
How many amendments are there to the Constitution?
Describe the amendment process.

11. Article vi What is federalism?
What happens if a state law disagrees with a federal law?

12. Article VII How many states had to agree to the new Constitution?
What was added to the original Constitution?
When did the Constitution go into effect? The Bill of Rights?

13. Article Match Up Articles 1-3 ____ Article 4 ____ The Amendments ____
Discusses how states interact with each other
Supreme Law of the Land
Creates the Three Branches of the US Government
Additions to the Constitution
How to amend the Constitution
How to ratify the Constitution

14. Principles of the Constitution
Separation of Powers
Each branch has its own job
Checks and Balances
Each branch is subject to restraints from other branches
Rule of Law
Government also has to follow the law
Federalism
Government power is divided between a central and local governments
Popular Sovereignty
Political power comes from the people

15. The Constitution James Madison was the main writer of the Constitution
Thomas Jefferson was one of the main opponents of the Constitution as written
One the most important political battles will come from the disagreement over the Constitution
The Federalists vs. The Anti-Federalists
The beginning of the two party system

16. Federalists
Anti-Federalists
Who are they?
Property owners, landed rich, merchants of the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic States
Small farmers, shopkeepers, laborers
Political Philosophy
Elitist: saw themselves and those of their class most fit to govern
Believed in the common man and in participatory democracy; viewed elites as corrupt; wanted greater protection of individual rights
Type of government favored
Powerful central government; bicameral legislature with an “upper house”; more representative democracy
Stronger state governments; frequent elections; large, unicameral legislature; more direct democracy

17. Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists
Wanted a strong central government
Could band the states together and represent the nation
Can control states
A strong government can protect citizens’ rights
Said separation of powers would diffuse the power of the government
Wanted a small central government
Local governments would better be able to serve its citizens
Thought the states would lose their power
Thought the Constitution needed a Bill of Rights

18. The Federalist Papers Written in support of the Constitution
Written by Publius
James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay
Federalist #10 and #51
Federalist #51: together!
Federalist #10: with your group

19. Federalist #51
Why is the nature of the branches’ interaction so important?
Describe Madison’s allusion to angels. How is this relevant to his overall argument?
How does Madison suggest the problem of too much power in the legislature be dealt with?

20. Federalist #10
What does Madison believe is the advantage of a “well-constructed Union”?
According to Madison, why have democracies failed?
What form of government promises the cure?
What are the two problems inherent in this form of government?
How does he relate this form of government to the dynamic of the Union and the States composing it?

21. Federalist #10 and #51 Federalist #51 Federalist #10
Checks and balances
Separation of powers
“Ambition must be made to counteract ambition.”
Factions – having a lot of factions will counteract their effect
Federalist #10
Factions
Inevitable
How to guard against factions (their influence)
Remove causes of the faction or control its effects