1. Cohesion
Reference
Substitution
Ellipsis
Conjunction
Lexical cohesion

2. Reference Anaphoric reference
James Bond came into the room and the woman shot him.
Cataphoric reference
He came into the room and said “The name is Bond, James Bond.”

3. Substitution for nouns – one, ones for verbs – do
I’ll have the big one, You can have the little ones.
for verbs – do
I like Mars bars. So do I.
John speaks Italian and so does Mary.
for clauses – so, not, modality (perhaps)
Is this the end of the lesson? I hope so.
Will it rain? Maybe.

4. Ellipsis Substitution by zero Are you tired? Yes, I am.
Did you vote Labour? Yes.

5. Conjunction And But Therefore I think, therefore I am. etc.
Fish and chips
But
I tried but I failed.
Therefore
I think, therefore I am.
etc.

6. Lexical cohesion Repetition Synonymy Hyponymy Metaphor/Simile
Collocation
Semantic field (chains)
Figures of speech

7. Dancing Girls (M. Attwood)
The first sign of the new man was the knock on the door. It was the landlady, knocking not at Ann’s door, as she’d thought, but on the other door, the one east of the bathroom. Knock, knock, knock; then a pause, soft footsteps, the sound of unlocking. Ann, who had been reading a book on canals, put it down and lit herself a cigarette. It wasn’t that she tried to overhear: in the house you couldn’t help it.

8. Dancing Girls (cohesion)
Anaphoric reference: she, the one, who, it
Cataphoric reference: It
Repetition: knock, door
Semantic field via chains: landlady –door- unlocking-house; house-bathroom-door
Collocation: knock - door