1. The Notion of Landscapes and Regions

2. Natural Landscape
Physical characteristics of a locale

3. Cultural Landscape
Visible expression of human activity on the landscape
Created by Carl Sauer
Successive occupiers bring own tech. and cultural traditions & transform the landscape

5. Cultural Landscape cont…
Sequent Occupance –
Layers of imprints reflect years of differing human activity
When an area has been occupied and transformed by successive residents
Area remains imprinted which creates the cultural landscape

6. Sequent Occupance
Athens, Greece ancient Agora surrounded by modern buildings

7. Sequent Occupance
The human layers over Williamsburg

8. Regions: Areas of Unique Characteristics
Defined by certain unifying characteristics
All have boundaries which are sometimes evident but are determined by point of view or perception of the definer

9. Formal/Uniform Region
Areas where specific characteristics are uniform across space
Physical
Tibet
Cultural
Francophone World

10. Formal Region (con’t….)
-- Economic
European Union 
This generalized land use map of Australia is composed of formal regions whose internal economic characteristics show essential uniformities, setting them off from adjacent territories or different conditions of use.

11. Functional/Nodal Regions
Specific social/economic relationships tie area together
Usually a “core” and “periphery”
Metropolitan area

12. Perceptual/Vernacular Regions
Ideas in our minds, based on accumulated knowledge of places and regions, that define an area of “sameness” or “connectedness”
e.g. “The South” or the “Bible Belt”
Could also be determined by local residents and may not be recognized by outsiders

14. 9 Nations of North America

15. Regions Video
The functional (or nodal) regions shown on this map were based on linkages between large banks of major central cities and the “correspondent” banks they served in smaller towns in the 1970’s, before the advent of electronic banking and bank consolidation.

16. Environmental Determinism
Theory that human behavior, individually and collectively, is strongly affected by-even controlled or determined by- the physical environment; climate is the critical factor in how humans behave

17. Possibilism
When the natural environment merely serves to limit the range of choices available to a culture.
Choices a culture makes depends on their needs and levels of technology
Environmental constraints less binding as a culture increases its level of technology

18. Example of Possiblilism

19. VOCAB. QUIZ #1 Define the following words in detail: globalization
absolute location
contagious diffusion
environmental determinism
formal region