1. The evolving impact of microfabrication and nanotechnology on stent design 
Jeffrey M. Caves, PhD, Elliot L. Chaikof, MD, PhD 
Journal of Vascular Surgery 
Volume 44, Issue 6, Pages (December 2006)
DOI: /j.jvs
Copyright © 2006 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
Laser machining methods. A, After the direct-write method, a pulsed laser is scanned over the workpiece using mirrors. B, The masked-projection method is used to process larger regions of the workpiece with a wide, patterned beam.
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jvs )
Copyright © 2006 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
Drug-containing reservoirs permit more advanced drug-release strategies.
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jvs )
Copyright © 2006 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

4. Fig 3
Left, A fabricated sample as cut from the metal foil with microelectrodischarge machining. Right, Angled and side views of an expanded stent.24 (Reprinted with the permission of Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems ©2004.)
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jvs )
Copyright © 2006 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

5. Fig 4
Production of silicon micro-needles, as described by Henry.26 A silicon wafer is coated with chromium, and lithographic methods are used to pattern the chromium into dots, approximately the same diameter as the base of the desired micro-needles (steps 1-3). A reactive ion etching technique is used to erode the silicon. The chromium dot array protects regions of the silicon wafer, leaving a microneedle pattern (steps 4-5). Silicon microneedles arrays can subsequently serve as masters to form molds for the fabrication of metal and polymer micro-needles arrays.27
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jvs )
Copyright © 2006 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

6. Fig 5
Hollow microneedles fabricated out of silicon, metal, and glass imaged by optical and scanning electron microscopy. A, Straight-walled metal microneedle from a 100-needle array fabricated by electrodeposition onto a polymer mold (200 μm tall). B, Tip of a tapered, beveled, glass microneedle made by conventional micropipette puller (900 μm length shown). C, Tapered, metal microneedle (500 μm tall) from a 37-needle array made by electrodeposition onto a polymeric mold. D, Array of tapered metal micro-needles (500 μm height) shown next to the tip of a 26 gauge hypodermic needle. (Reprinted with permission of the National Academy of Sciences, USA ©2003.)27
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jvs )
Copyright © 2006 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions