1. Introduction to Genetics
Chapter 11

2. Are Traits Inherited?

3. Gregor Mendel Used garden peas in his experiments
Peas reproduce sexually in a process known as fertilization
Pea plants were true breeders – they produced identical offspring if they were allowed to self polinate

4. Gregor Mendel Studied 7 different pea plant traits
He crossed plants and studied their offspring
Original pea plant is the P generation
Offspring are the F1 generation
Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits are called hybrids

5. Principle of dominance
Some alleles are dominant and others are recessive

6. Segregation
Do recessive alleles disappear?
F1 Cross
P. 266

7. Probability & Punnett squares

8. Genetics & Probability
Likelihood that a particular even will occur = probability
Flipping a coin. What are the chances it will land on heads? On tails?
Alleles segregate completely random just like flipping a coin

9. Punnett Squares
Can be used to predict and compare the genetic variations that will result from a cross

10. Punnett Squares Identical alleles for a particular trait = homozygous
Different alleles for a particular trait = heterozygous
Physical characteristics are called phenotypes
The actual alleles present for a trait or the genetic make up is known as genotype