1. Awareness Review
Any substance, that if released from its container, would hurt or harm the things it touches.

2. First Responders’ (Awareness Level)
They have the following competencies:
An understanding of what hazardous materials are, and the risks associated with them.
The ability to recognize and identify hazardous materials.
The knowledge of how to begin scene control operations.
The knowledge of who must be notified about the incident.   

3. Exposure Routes Inhalation (most common) Absorption
Injection, including entry via open wounds
Ingestion (least common)

4. IDLH Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health
Concentration of toxin that causes immediate threat to life.
May interfere with person’s ability to self-rescue.

5. LC-50 and LD 50
Concentration or dose of toxin that results in death of a defined % of test subjects.
LC50 = Concentration in air that kills 50% of test subjects.
LD50 = Ingested, injected, absorbed dose that kills 50% of test subjects.

6. Threshold Limit Value/ Ceiling Level
TLV/C
Maximum concentration of a toxin that should NEVER be exceeded, even for a moment

7. Specific Gravity
Specific Gravity – liquids with a specific gravity less than one are lighter than water, and those higher than one are heavier than water. Water being one.
Most flammable
Liquids are lighter
than one.

8. Vapour Density
Vapour Density is the density of a gas as compared to air having a value of 1.
If a gas is lighter than air, it will rise and dissipate. If the gas is heavier than air, it will tend to hug the ground and travel as directed by the terrain.

9. Polarity
The term POLARITY refers to the property of molecules to have oppositely charged ends.
Water is POLAR.
Most hydrocarbons are NONPOLAR and therefore are not soluble in water.
Alcohols and ketones are POLAR and therefore are soluble in water. - +

10. Placard 1017
Small spill
12:00 hrs
Westend Rec Certre
People coughing and vomiting with no sign of pool attendant

11. Placard 1203
Large Spill
Between north and south bound lanes of Hanlon top of hill south of Wellington Street overpass

12. Placard 1005
Reported large spill
Truck driver trapped
02:00hrs
Highway 6 north and Elora Road

13. First Responders’ (Operations Level
These are persons that respond to hazmat incidents, for the purpose of protecting nearby persons, property, or the environment from the effects of the hazmat. These persons are expected to act in a defensive manner, so that they do not endanger themselves.

14. First Responders’ (Operations Level)
They have the following competencies:
Knowledge of basic hazard and risk assessment.
Knowledge of how to select and use proper personal protective equipment.
A basic knowledge of simple confinement techniques.
The ability to set up and conduct decontamination procedures.
An understanding of the hazmat command structure and standard procedures.