1. Control of posture and movement
Done by :
Mohamed Faleh Al-Jathlani

2. Descending motor pathways
* Pyramidal tract ( Medullary pyramids ) * Extrapyramidal tract ( other central )

3. Extrapyramidal tracts
1- Rubrospinal tract (+ Flexor )  Stimulation ( Red nucleus ) ( - Extensor )  Inhibition 2-Pontine reticulospinal tract (+ Flexor ) ( Pons ) ( ++ Extensor) 3-Medullary reticulosoinal tract (- Flexor) ( medullary reticular ) (- - Extensor )

4. 4-Lateral vestibulospinal tract (- Flexor) (Lateral vestibular nucleus) ( + Extensor) 5-Tectospinal (Control of neck muscles ) (superior colliculus )

5. Decerebrate Rigidity
* Lesion of brain stem above pontine reticular and lateral vestibular nucleus but below midbrain cause Decerebrate Rigidity *( lesion above midbrain do not cause Decerebrate Rigidtiy )

7. Cerebellum or ( little brain )
* Regulates movement and posture * Play role in certain kind of motor learning * Control Rate, range, force and direction of movement ( Synergy ) “ Damage of cerebellum cause coordination of movement "

8. Divisions of cerebellum
1- Vestibulocerebellum : Control balance and eye movement 2- Spinocerebellum : Control synergy of movement 3- pontocerebellum : Controls the planning and initiations of movement

9. Basal ganglia
As a function of basal ganglia the role of basal ganglia is to aid or support in planning and execution of smooth movements * Parkinson disease ( Slow and delay of movement )

10. Motor cortex
Voluntary movement are directed by the motor cortex , and its consist of three areas : 1 and 2 - ( area 6 ) premotor cortex and supplementary motor cortex : Generating a plan of movement . 3- ( area 4 ) primary motor cortex Execution of movement.

11. Thank you for listening 