1. The Internet and the World Wide Web
Teaching and Learning
with Technology
Chapter 9
The Internet and the World Wide Web
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2. The Internet
Millions of interconnected individual networks and computers
Users estimated to exceed 1 billion
Uses common protocol, TCP/IP
Not owned or operated by any one entity
Regulated by the Internet Society

3. Connecting to the Internet
Telecommunications (telephone line or cable)
Electronic communications between computers via phone lines

4. Connecting to the Internet
Telecommunications
Offers alternative to a direct network connection
Modems convert signals from digital to analog
Modems connected to both the sending and receiving computers

5. Telecommunications Modems Vary in terms of speed of transmission
May be inside the computer or external
Require telecommunications software
Networks may include multiple modems to allows connections from home computers

6. Telecommunications Connecting to a Network
Once modems connect, a login ID and password are required
Modems may not be as fast as a workstation, since phone lines have small bandwidth
ISDN and DSL lines have higher bandwidth and makes access faster
Cable modems also offer a faster alternative to phone lines and usually DSL

7. The Internet Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
Provide home users temporary connections to the Internet for a monthly fee
Home users connect to the ISP’s network, which is connected to the Internet

8. The Internet ISP Commonly Provided Services:
Internet access/ communications
Browser (e.g., IE 8.0)
Technical support
Chat rooms
Instant messaging
Discussions
Newsreader
Personal web space
Other services which vary by provider

9. Internet Communications
Internet is remarkable, powerful and the most powerful communications tool
An electronic mailbox
Can be synchronous (same-time) and asynchronous (time-shifted)
addresses differ from URLs
Use a combination of login name at network name, for example:

10. Internet Communications
Common Features:
Address book
To, CC, and BCC options
Subject line
Reply to Sender or All
Forward
Attach file
Save
Print

11. Internet Communications
Uses in Education:
Assignment transmission – students can submit assignments, teachers can correct/grade and return
Class discussions – teacher can pose question to class, who respond
Electronic keypals – students can work together remotely on same assignments
Communications – wide range possible relating to class, teacher, and/or other students

12. Internet Communications
Discussions
Electronic bulletin boards or forums allow users to read messages from others
Can post messages for others to read
One-to-many communication
Public or private
Discussions usually based on threads - a single line of conversation can be followed through all responses

13. Internet Communications
Mailing Lists (Listservs)
Automated electronic mailing lists deliver messages to subscribers
May have a moderator who manages and approves mail before sending to subscribers
Conferences must be visited to participate, while listserv messages appear in the subscriber’s box

14. Internet Communications
Chats
Chat rooms – virtual, real-time chat space
Public or private
Communicate via typing or voice
May include still or video images
Require prior scheduling, as chats are synchronous
IM is another chat form, it’s one-on-one

15. Internet Communications
Videoconferencing
All participants hear and see each other in real time via the Internet
May use computer monitor-top or built-in video cameras and computer speaker/microphone
Classrooms around the world can be connected via compressed video

16. Other Internet Services
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Software that allows users to upload (send files) and download (receive files) via the Internet
FTP sites are virtual libraries of downloadable files
Files are usually compressed (zipped) for faster transmission
Files must be decompressed (unzipped) before using

17. Other Internet Services
Newsgroups
Newsgroups - conferences dedicated to particular topics
Usenet - the collection of newsgroups
Newsreader programs built into most Internet browsers

18. Understanding the Web What exactly is the Web?
Not the same as the Internet, not a separate network
Most popular of the available services on the Internet
Collection of publicly accessible pages (web sites) on the Internet
All pages use the same language (HTML) to present information in a text and graphics format
The Web uses hyperlinks to connect pages or web sites to each other

19. Understanding the Web Web Site
A group of related pages written in HTML and stored on a web server
Hyperlinks let viewers navigate between (or jump to) pages using words or icons that are “hot linked”
Web browsers translate HTML into the text and graphics seen on a web page

20. Understanding Web Sites
Browsers
Translate web page language for visitors and let them browse through the web site files

21. Understanding Web Sites
Every web page has a specific address called a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
designate the communications protocol between web servers
Most URLs are preceded by (hypertext transfer protocol)

22. Understanding Web Sites
Anatomy of a URL

23. Evaluating Web Sites Web sites should be:
Evaluated before using them in the classroom
Well organized, logical, and easy to follow
Accurate, offering meaningful information that is free of bias
Don’t assume they are acceptable just because they are on the Net

24. Evaluating Web Sites Web sites should:
Have appropriate authority and expertise
Clearly site sources
Not be selling a product or viewpoint

25. Multimedia on the Web
By incorporating multimedia, websites can help address diverse learning styles
Plug-ins may be needed to expand the browser’s ability to use multimedia
Multimedia often increases download time and requires greater bandwidth

26. Multimedia on the Web Graphics add interest for visitors
The most common graphic formats:
GIF (Graphic Interchange Format) images may be still or animated artwork
JPEG (Joint Photographic Expert Group) “jay-peg” images are typically used for photographs

27. Multimedia on the Web Audio Sound clips add dimension to a web page
Audio files can be large, and formats vary
WAV and MP3 files often need to be downloaded before being played
Streaming sends audio in a continuous flow and doesn’t require the file to be downloaded before listening

28. Multimedia on the Web Video
Video clips can add moving images to a web page
Streaming video allows for viewing as the clip is downloaded
Clips tend to be brief due to file size
Due to bandwidth limitations, clips may sometimes appear choppy

29. Multimedia on the Web Virtual Reality
3-D graphic environments that users can manipulate and navigate
VR field trips can safely take students to dangerous (bottom of the ocean) or impossible (the molecular level) worlds
Computer may require a VR plug-in

30. Search Engines Programs that help users find information on the Web
Web site creators register their URL along with key words and a brief description of their site
Web sites’ URLs and key words are also extracted and added to search engines by spiders

31. Search Engines
Search engines maintain a database of URLS, key words, and descriptions
When users type in key words, search engines return hits - URLs that match
When using search engines, it’s important to use precise key words
Certain methods make searching faster, more efficient (using “and”, “or”, “not”, etc.)

32. Portals Portals are “doorways” to the Internet and its many resources
Some sites started as search engine sites and grew into portals
Portals offer a variety of services – search engine, news, , chats, etc.
Unlike ISPs, portals do not provide connections to the Internet

33. Teaching and the Internet
Internet makes:
The knowledge of the world available in any classroom
Global communication possible, including communicating for learning
Participating in virtual learning communities across nations possible for students and teachers