1. Reactions in Aqueous Solutions
Chapter 7
Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

2. Classification of Reactions (Product Prediction)
There are 5 types of chemical reactions:
Single Replacement
Double Replacement
Synthesis
Decomposition
Combustion

3. Classification of Reactions (Product Prediction)
Single displacement- one ion is replaced with a more reactive ion
A + BC B + AC
Oxidation reduction reaction (redox)
Double displacement- when two chemicals with two ions each exchange
AB + CD AD + BC
Precipitation reaction- when a precipitate forms (solubility rules
Acid-base reactions- when H+ ions and HO- ions react to form water

4. Classification of Reactions (Product Prediction)
Combustion reactions- when an organic material (hydrocarbon) is mixed with oxygen, it ALWAYS forms water and carbon dioxide
CxHy + O2  CO2 + H2O
Synthesis- when two elements are combined to form one product
A+BAB
Decomposition- when a compound is broken down into elements or smaller compounds.
AB A+B

5. Predicting if a Chemical Reaction will Occur
Driving forces that cause products to form-
Solid (precipitate)
Water
Electron transfer
Gas
If two chemical are mixed together and one of the above occurs, then a reaction has occurred

6. Reaction in which a solid forms
Precipitate (ppt) - This when a solid forms after two chemicals have been mixed
Determine this by:
Swap the cations and anions (double replacement reaction)
follow solubility rules to determine if any of the products are insoluble in water (ppt)
Any solutions that are soluble just dissolve (stay ions – spectator ions)

7. Describing Reactions in Aqueous Solutions
Molecular equation- the two reactants and the product with their state
Complete ionic equation- each reactant and product is broken apart and given an individual charge and state
Spectator ions- ions that do not change throughout the reaction. Usually aqueous solutions
Net ionic equation- contains only the compounds that changed in the reaction

8. Acid and Base Reactions
Acids produce H+ ions
Base produces OH- ions
Strong bases and acids have strong electrolytes that either contain H+ or OH- ions
Acid/base reactions always produce water as a product

9. Reactions of Metals and Nonmetals
Oxidation-Reduction reaction- involves transfer of electrons
OIL RIG- oxidation is a loss: Reduction is a gain
Usually it is the metal that has an electron change (Gain or loss)