1. Nuclear power plants can generate _____________________________.
7.3 Nuclear Reactions
Nuclear _______________ and ______________ are processes that involve extremely _____________ amounts of ______________.
Fission = ___________________________
Fusion = ____________________________
Nuclear power plants can generate _____________________________.
Ontario, Quebec and New Brunswick currently generate nuclear power.
Canadian-made nuclear reactors are called _________________ reactors.
CANDU reactors are considered safe and effective and are sold
throughout the world.
The Bruce Nuclear Generating Station on the shore of Lake Huron, in Ontario
See page 312
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

2. Nuclear energy used to produce power comes from _____________.
Nuclear Fission
Nuclear energy used to produce power comes from _____________.
Nuclear fission is the splitting of ________________________into two or more ________________, some sub-atomic particles, and __________.
A heavy nucleus is usually ________________,
due to many positive protons pushing apart.
When fission occurs:
Energy is _________________________.
______________________are released.
Nuclear reactions are different than _________________________.
In chemical reactions, mass is conserved, and energy changes are relatively ___________________.
There are no changes to the ________________ in chemical reactions.
In nuclear reactions, the actual ______________________________changes.
Protons, neutrons, electrons, and/or gamma rays can be lost or gained.
__________ changes of mass = ______ changes in energy
Albert Einstein’s famous equation E = mc2 illustrates the energy found in even small amounts of matter
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(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

3. Nuclear Equations for Induced Nuclear Reactions
Natural radioactive decay consists of the release of
___________, _________ and _______________ radiation.
Scientists can also create nuclear reactions by smashing nuclei with alpha, beta and gamma radiation.
The rules for writing these equations
are the same as earlier nuclear equations
____________________must equal on
both sides of the equation
______________ must equal on
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(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

4. Nuclear Fission of Uranium-235
It is much easier to crash a ______________________ than a ________________________into a nucleus to release _____________.
Most nuclear fission _____________ and _________________ use this principle.
A neutron, , crashes into an atom of stable uranium-235 to create unstable uranium-236, which then undergoes _________________________.
After several steps, atoms of krypton and barium are formed, along with the release of ___________________________and huge quantities of energy.
The induced nuclear fission of uranium-235. This nuclear reaction is the origin of nuclear power and nuclear bombs.
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(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

5. Once the nuclear fission reaction has started, it can ______________.
Chain Reactions
Once the nuclear fission reaction has started, it can ______________.
The neutrons released in the induced reaction can then trigger more reactions on ______________________________atoms.
This chain reaction can quickly get out of control.
Fermi realized that materials that could
_________________________could help
to control the chain reaction.
Nuclear reactors have
complex systems to ensure the
____________________stays at safe levels.
An uncontrolled chain reaction can result
in a violent nuclear explosion.
__________________________are created using this concept.
Nuclear Chain Reaction.
See page 318
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

6. CANDU Reactors and Hazardous Wastes
Canada’s nuclear research into the safe use of nuclear reactions has resulted in the creation of ___________________________.
CANDU reactors are found in various countries around the world.
Canada, South Korea, China, India, Argentina, Romania and Pakistan
The reactors are known to be _______ and ___________________________ in an emergency.
Heat energy produced turns electricity-generating _______________.
Hazardous _______ produced by nuclear reactions are problematic.
Some waste products, like fuel rods, can be re-used.
Some products are very _________________, however,
and must be stored ________ from living things.
Most of this waste is __________________________
or stored in________________________.
It will take 20 half-lives (_____________________________)
before the material is safe.
Inside a CANDU reactor.
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(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

7. The fusion of hydrogen nuclei
Nuclear Fusion
Nuclear fusion = joining of two ______ nuclei into one _____________ nucleus.
In the core of the Sun, two hydrogen nuclei join
under tremendous heat and pressure to form a
___________________________.
When the helium atom is formed, huge amounts
of ____________________________________.
Scientists cannot yet find a safe, manageable
method to harness the energy of nuclear _________.
So-called “____________________” would occur at
temperatures and pressures that could be
_____________________.
The fusion of hydrogen nuclei
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(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007