1. Flavor and Physics beyond the Standard Model
Yasuhiro Okada (KEK)
June 21, 2007
“SUSY in 2010’s” Hokkaido Univ.

2. Flavor physics in LHC era
LHC will start explore TeV physics.
TeV = the scale of the electroweak symmetry breaking.
New physics is most probably related to the electroweak symmetry breaking physics, why the weak scale is here. It could involve new symmetries, new forces, or new dimensions. Ex. SUSY, Little Higgs, extra-dim models, etc.
After 8 years of successful B factory experiments, focus of flavor physics is also shifting to new physics searches.

3. Logical order Flavor sector Gauge invariance Higgs sector
Unless we know what is the Higgs field, we do not know how to write the
Yukawa couplings.
Discoveries may not come in the logical order. “Mystery” ex. CPV in kaon.
Current mysteries.
Neutrino mass, Baryon number of the universe, Dark matter.

4. Content of this talk Status of quark flavor physics
New physics examples
SUSY, Extra dimensions, Little Higgs models
Neutrino and Lepton Flavor Violation
Super KEKB LoI hep-ex/
SLAC Super B workshop proceedings: hep-ph/

5. Status of quark flavor physics
The Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix works.

6. Series of discoveries 2001 CPV in B->J/p Ks 2001 b->sll
2004 Direct CPV in B->Kp
2006 b->dg
2006 B->tn
2006 Bs –Bs mixing at Tevatron
D-D mixing
All are consistent with the CKM predictions

7. Is this enough?
Not, to study New Physics effects.
In order to disentangle new physics
effects, we should first determine CKM
parameters by “tree-level” processes.
Fit from tree level processes
|Vub|, f3/g
Bd mixing and CP asymmetries
eK and B(K->pnn)
Bs mixing and CP asymmetries +
We know (or constrain) which sector is affected by new physics.
Improvement of f3/g is essential.

8. Essential measurements for new physics searches
|Vub| from e+e-B factories
f3/g from e+e- B factories and LHCb
The phase of the Bs-Bs amplitude from Bs->J/yf CP asymmetry at LHCb.
Improvements on rear decay observables:
CP asymmetry in B->f Ks, etc.
Direct and mixing-induced CP asymmetry in B->Xs g
Forward-backward asymmetry in b->sll
Roughly speaking, current data only constrain 0(1) new physics effects.

9. SUSY and Flavor Physics
SUSY modes introduce SUSY partners.
Squark/sleption mass matrixes are new sources of flavor mixing and CP violation.
Squark/slepton masses depend on SUSY breaking terms as well as the Yukawa coupling constants.
Quark mass
Squark mass
SUSY breaking

10. Squark/slepton mass matrixes carry information on the SUSY
breaking mechanism and interactions at the GUT scale.
Origin of SUSY breaking
(mSUGRA, AMSB, GMSB,
Flavor symmetry, etc.)
SUSY breaking terms at the Mw scale
(squark, slepton, chargino, neutralino, gluino masses)
Renormalization
(SUSY GUT, neutrino Yukawa couplings etc.)
Diagonal : LHC/LC
Off-diagonal: Future Flavor exp.
Top quark: Tevatron
KM phase: B factories
SUSY GUT example => T.Goto’s talk

11. SUSY with a minimal flavor violation (MFV)
Even in the case where the squark flavor mixing is similar to the quark flavor mixing (MFV), a large deviation from the SM is possible for a large value of two vacuum expectation values (tan b )
Effects can be significant for the charged Higgs boson exchange in B -> D tn and B -> tn.
Bs -> m m is enhanced by the loop-induced flavor changing neutral Higgs coupling.

12. Tauonic B decay
The Belle and Babar combined result of the B ->tn branching ratio.
This is sensitive to the charged Higgs boson exchange diagram
in 2 Higgs doublet model as well as SUSY models.
New contributions are important for the large tanb case b u t n W H- b u t n
Charged Higgs exchange contribution
depends on

13. B(B->tn) vs. B(B->Dtn) ,B(b->ctn) ,B(B->D*tn)
There are four processes sensitive to charged Higgs exchanges.
Although inclusive b->ctn and B->D* tn are mesured, B -> Dtn
process is the most useful to combined with B->tn
B(B->Dtn)/B(B->Dmn)
B(B->tn)
Belle+BABAR

14. B(b->ctn)/B(b->cen) B(B->D*tn)
Belle 2007
(LEP)
B(b->ctn)/B(b->cen)
B(B->D*tn)
Belle
LEP
Y.Grossman, H.Haber and Y.Nir 1995

15. Comparison with the charged Higgs boson production at LHC
K.A.Assamagan, Y.Coadou, A.Deandrea
Belle B->tn: excluded region
(95.5%CL)
The parameter region covered
by B decays and the charged Higgs
production overlaps.
If both experiments find positive effects, we can perform Universality Test of the charged Higgs couplings.
B->tn: H-b-u coupling
B->Dtn : H-b-c coupling
gb->tH: H-b-t coupling H b t g
SUSY loop vertex correction
can break the universality.
K.A.Assamagan, Y.Coadou, A.Deandrea

16. Even within the MFV frame, there can be sizable difference between the
corrections to the H-b-t vertex and the H-b-c(u) vertex.
B->tn
Effective tanb= tanb x R-1t,c,u
H-b-t
(At=1TeV)
H-b-c(u)
(At=-1TeV)
m>0
m<0
B->Dtn
gb->tH+ ->ttn, approximately
gb->tH+ ->ttb, approximately
H.Itoh and Y.Okada
Test of charged Higgs coupling universality
=> Squark flavor structure.
The ratio gives R-1t.

17. Bs->mm and SUSY s b m
SUSY loop corrections can enhance B(Bs->mm) by a few orders of magnitude from the SM prediction for large values of tan b.
Loop-induced neutral Higgs exchange effects
The discovery region
of a neutral Higgs boson
through pp->bf0->bmm
at LHC and the discovery
region of Bs->mm at
Tevatron and LHC overlap.
C.Kao and Y.Wang

18. Large extra dim and B physics
Models with large extra dimensions were proposed as an alternative scenario for a solution to the hierarchy problem.
Various types of models:
Flat extra dim vs. Curved extra dim
What particles can propagate in the bulk.
Geometrical construction of the fermion mass hierarchy
=> non-universality of KK graviton/gauge boson couplings

19. KK graviton exchange b->sll differential Br T. Rizzo AFB 1.5TeV
KK graviton exchange can induce
tree-level FCNC coupling.
Differential branching ratio of
b->sll processes. P3
M=1TeV
P3 : 3rd Legendre polynomial moment
=> pick up (cosq )^3 terms due to
spin2 graviton exchange.
(In both flat and curved extra dim )
T.Rizzo
(Flat large extra dim case)

20. KK gluon, KK Z-boson exchange in warped extra dim.
In the warped extra dimension with
bulk fermion/gauge boson propagation
in order for the fermion mass hierarchy, we put
Light fermion -> localized toward Planck brane
Top and left-handed bottom -> localized toward the TeV brane.
Generate tree level FCNC in KK gluon and Z boson exchange.
S(fKs) vs KK gluon mass
1st KK gluon mass
G.Burdman

21. Little Higgs model ~10 TeV, new strong dynamics ~ 1TeV WH, ZH, fij,
uH,dH AH
T+,T-
~200 GeV
A Higgs boson and SM particles
Particle content of the littlest
Higgs model with T parity.
Little Higgs model : a model with a composite
Higgs boson.
New particles (heavy gauge bosons, a heavy top
partner) are introduced to cancel the quadratic
divergence of the Higgs mass at one loop level.
The mass of these particles are around
1 TeV if the model is extended with “T parity”.
N.Arkani-Hamed,A.G.Cohen, E.Katz,and A.E.Nelson,2002
C.H.Cheng and I.Low,2003

22. Flavor signals of T-odd fermions
T-odd SU(2) doublet mirror fermions
J.Hubisz,S.J.Lee, and G.Paz d u W
VCKM
Three flavor mixing matrixes
Two are independent. u qH
WH,ZH,AH
VHu
A new flavor mixing matrix can generate
various patterns of deviation from the SM. d qH
WH,ZH,AH
VHd
M.Blanke,A.J.Buras,A.Poschenrieder,C.Tarantino,S.Uhlig,and A.Weiler

23. Pattern of New Physics effects
SUSY
Large Extra
Dimension
model
Different pattern of the deviations from the SM prediction.
Correlation with other physics observables.
2003 SLAC WS Proceedings

24. Neutrino and LFV
Although the simple seesaw or Dirac neutrino model predicts too small branching ratios for the charged lepton LFV, other models of neutrino mass generation can induce observable effects.
SUSY seesaw model (F.Borzumati and A.Masiero 1986)=>T.Goto’s talk
Triplet Higgs model (E.J.Chun, K.Y.Lee,S.C.Park; N.Kakizaki,Y.Ogura, F.Shima, 2003)
Left-right symmetric model (V.Cirigliano, A.Kurylov, M.J.Ramsey-Musolf, P.Vogel, 2004)
R-parity violating SUSY model (A.de Gouvea,S.Lola,K.Tobe,2001)
Generalized Zee model (K.Hasagawa, C.S.Lim, K.Ogure, 2003)
Neutrino mass from the warped extra dimension (R.Kitano,2000)

25. SUSY seesaw with a large tan b
R.Kitano,M.Koike,S.Komine, and Y.Okada, 2003
SUSY loop diagrams can generate
a LFV Higgs-boson coupling
for large tan b cases. (K.Babu, C.Kolda,2002) s m e
The heavy Higgs-boson exchange provides
a new contribution of a scalar type.
Higgs-exchange contribution
Photon-exchange contribution

26. Ratio of the branching ratios and Z-dependence of mu-e conversion rates
mu-e conversion is enhanced.
Z-dependence indicates the scalar exchange contribution.

27. LFV in LR symmetric model
(Non-SUSY) left-right symmetric model
L<->R parity
Higgs fields, (bi-doublet, two triplets)
Low energy (TeV region ) seesaw mechanism for neutrino masses

28. Four lepton interactions are dominant among various LFV processes.
In general,
Example of tau and mu LFV processes
A.Akeroyd, M.Aoki, Y.Okada,2006

29. Summary
In the LHC era, physics at the TeV scale will be explored, which is connected to physics of electroweak symmetry breaking. Role of the flavor physics will be redefined in term of new findings.
Current data on the flavor physics are consistent with the SM, but there are still a large room for new physics effects in terms of model-independent constraints.
In order to distinguish different models we need to explore various flavor processes.
The Origin of small neutrino masses are still a mystery. Pattern of LFV depends on the model of neutrino mass generation.