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Cardiovascular System

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Presentation on theme: "Cardiovascular System"— Presentation transcript:

1 Cardiovascular System
KNH 411

2 Hypertension Nutrition Therapy
DASH – Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Decrease sodium, saturated fat, alcohol Increase calcium, potassium, fiber Lifestyle modifications Weight loss

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4 Hypertension Nutrition Therapy Sodium restriction controversial
“salt sensitive” or “salt resistance” Limit processed & cured foods, no added salt during preparation and cooking Limit to 2400 mg/day

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7 Hypertension Nutrition Therapy
DASH-Dietary Approaches to Stopping Hypertension Decrease Sodium, saturated fat, alcohol Increase calcium, potassium, fiber Lifestyle Changes

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10 Atherosclerosis Etiology - risk factors cont. Physical inactivity
Atherogenic diet Diabetes mellitus Impaired fasting glucose/ metabolic syndrome Cigarette smoke

11 © 2007 Thomson - Wadsworth

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13 © 2007 Thomson - Wadsworth

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15 Atherosclerosis Nutrition Therapy
Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) developed as component of ATP-III Modifications in fat, cholesterol Rich in fruits, vegetables, grains, fiber Limit sodium to 2400 mg Include stanol esters

16 © 2007 Thomson - Wadsworth

17 Atherosclerosis Nutrition Therapy - Fat Modifications
Total fat 25-35% of calories Very-low-fat diets Saturated fat < 7% of calories Avoid trans fats Increase intake of monounsaturated fats & Polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acids Increase intake of omega-3 essential fatty acids Limit dietary cholesterol < 200 mg daily

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19 Atherosclerosis Nutrition Therapy - Other
Increase sources of soluble fiber Increase intake of plant sterols Weight loss – BMI Regular physical activity

20 Atherosclerosis Nutrition Therapy Prescription
Assessment of dietary fat intake, saturated fat intake MEDFICTS assessment tool Dietary CAGE questions REAP Target weight calculated Prioritize nutrition problems Multiple planned visits with R.D.

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22 Ischemic Heart Disease
Nutrition Therapy Post MI Decrease oral intake Clear liquids, no caffeine Progress to soft, more frequent meals Individualized – use TLC recommendations

23 Heart Failure Nutrition Therapy Intervention
Control signs and symptoms Promote overall nutritional status rehabilitation Sodium and fluid restriction 2000 mg Na Fluid 1 mL/kcal or 35 mL/kg Correction of deficiencies Increase nutrient density Enhance oral intake

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25 Heart Failure Nutrition Therapy Assess drug-nutrient interactions
Losses of water-soluble vitamins Supplementation may be warranted Consider arginine, carnitine and taurine in dietary regimen


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