1. FACE TO FACE IN VIRTUAL SPACE: THE CHANGING NATURE OF COMMUNICATION JOSHUA HILL AND JESSICA CROMBIE THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA

2. OUTCOMES Identify the changing nature of communication Discuss various communication theories Understand student perceptions of online (virtual) communication and how it affects the real world Understand the implications for the future of our profession

3. HISTORY OF COMMUNICATION

4. The Word: 1-to-1 Audio Communication - The Same Place At The Same Time The Cave Painting: 1-to-1 Text Communication - Same Place, Different Times The Stone Tablet: 1-to-1 Text Communication - Any Place, Any Time The Printing Press:1-to-Many Text Communication - Any Place, Any Time The Telephone:1-to-1 Audio Communication - Any Place, Same Time Radio & Television:1-to-Many Audio / Visual Communication - Different Place, Same Time The Web and Internet: Many-to-Many Text, Audio, Visual Communication - Any Place, Any Time

5. REMEMBER WHEN…

6. REMEMBER WHEN YOU… Got your first: Computer Computer game Email address IM screenname Cell phone Pager?!? Started using: Text messages MySpace/Frien dster Facebook Twitter Smartphone

7. COMMUNICATION THEORIES: TRANSMISSION MODEL Created by Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver (1949) for Bell Laboratories. Designed to mirror the functions of radio and telephone technologies. Consisted of three primary parts: Sender - the part of a telephone a person spoke into Channel - the telephone itself Receiver - the ear-piece of the phone Also included: noise – the static that interferes with one listening to a telephone conversation

8. COMMUNICATION THEORIES: TRANSMISSION MODEL Transmission Model – with the addition of an alphabet

9. COMMUNICATION THEORIES: SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION This view considers communication to be the product of the participants sharing and creating meaning. The Constructionist View can also be defined as, how you say something determines what the message is. The Constructionist View assumes that truth and ideas are constructed or invented through the social process of communication.

10. COMMUNICATION THEORIES: COMMUNICATION BANDWIDTH Communication bandwidth is the level of information that a kind of communication is capable of transmitting. Very low bandwidth: email, instant messaging, and SMS texting. Slightly higher bandwidth: Skype voicecalls or telephone Higher bandwidth: video call (i.e Skype, iChat, Facetime) Highest bandwidth: Face-to-face

11. COMMUNICATION THEORIES: SOCIAL COHESION Ling (2007): Mobile Communication and Mediated Ritual Ritual Interaction Social Cohesion Micro-Coordination Ambient Accessibility Bounded solidarity

12. PERCEPTIONS & EXPECTATIONS What do staff think:What do students think: Timeliness – in terms of response time Policing v. Privacy – what must be addressed vs. considered private Amount/Frequency – how much communication is appropriate Formality – where on the spectrum between professional and casual does it lie

13. DISCUSSION As we look at different modes of communication, what possible sources of noise exists? Knowing that technology impacts the quality/types of relationships students have, how does this affect our missions of developing community? If teaching effective communication is a life-skill we want to educate our students about, how does this information change our approach? Should it? What examples exist from your institutions where you have made changes, or decided not to?

14. QUESTIONS/ (MAYBE) ANSWERS

15. REFERENCES http://www.omstrategy.com/87/a-brief-history-of- communication Ling, R. (2007). Mobile communication and mediated ritual. In Communication in the 2st century. Ed. K. Nyirir. Budapest, Hungary.