1. Promoting Integrity and Ethics

2. Outline Foundation and elements of integrity and ethics
Factors affecting integrity and ethics
Characteristics of ethical and unethical behaviour
Ways to promote integrity and ethical behaviour

3. VideO Case 3 Idiots: Raju’s Job Interview How is the behavior of Raju?
What makes him different than others?

4. Ethics The basis of harmony in society and social order
Professional standards
Declaration of the moral values and standards of behavior required by all in an organization
Well founded standards of right and wrong that prescribe what ought to do, usually in terms of rights, obligations, benefits to society, fairness, or specific qualities.

5. Integrity
State or quality of being complete, undivided or unbroken moral soundness, honesty, uprightness
It is a concept of consistency of actions, values, methods, measures, principles, expectations and outcomes
Knowing and doing right things

6. म्यादी प्रहरीले गरे नारावाजी
ललितपुरका म्यादी प्रहरी आन्दोलनमा उत्रिएका छन्। सरकारले दिएको सेवा सुविधा कम भएको भन्दै उनीहरु आन्दोलनमा उत्रिएका हुन्। सरकारले उनीहरुलाई ५१ दिनको ५२ हजार २ सय ५४ रुपैयाँ सेवा सुविधा दिएको थियो। तर उनीहरुले त्यो अपुग भएको भन्दै जावलाखेलमा प्रर्दशन गरे।
Source:

7. प्रहरी र म्यादी प्रहरीबीच झडप हुँदा सात म्यादी घाइते
चरिकोट, खाना र पारिश्रमिकमा विभेद गरिएको भन्दै दोलखाका म्यादी प्रहरी आन्दोलित भएका छन् ।
उनीहरूले सरकारले तोकेको रकम उपलब्ध नगराए कडा आन्दोलन गर्ने चेतावनीसमेत दिएका छन् ।
Source:

8. म्यादी प्रहरीको मृत्युपछि चर्कियो आन्दोलन
कालिकोट –जिल्ला प्रहरी कार्यालयमा प्रहरी र म्यादी प्रहरीबिच तलवको बिषयलाई लिएर भएको विवादमा म्यादी प्रहरीको मृत्यु भएपछि जिल्लामा आन्दोलन चर्केको छ । म्यादी प्रहरीले ६४ हजार रुपैयाँ पाउनु पर्नेमा ५५ हजार रुपैयाँ मात्र जिल्ला प्रहरीले दिएको गुनासो गरि आन्दोलन सुरु गरेका थिए l
Source:

10. Source: CIAA Annual Reports.

12. Officer, Non-officer and Corruption Complaints
Types of Corruption
Position
Total
(N)
Officer (%), N = 803
Non-Officer (%), N = 1213
Fake Document Related
11.0
89.0
100.0 (630)
Illegal Benefits and Illicit Earnings
66.4
33.6
100.0 (286)
Bribery
42.7
57.3
100.0 (260)
Fraud
56.0
44.0
100.0 (50)
Misuse of Public Property
50.1
49.9
100.0 (485)
Procurement and Construction
53.1
46.9
100.0 (305)
39.8
60.2
100.0 (2016)
Chi Square
***
Likelihood Ratio
***
Phi and Cramer's V
0.419***
Note: Table generated based on the cases published in CIAA annual reports ( ).

13. Assessment of Case Scenario

14. Foundation: Integrity and Ethics Sources of Moral Values and Behavioral Norms (Huberts, Maesschalck and Jurkiewicz, 2008; Ethics and Integrity of Governance)
Source
Characteristics
Human Universals
Innate and natural
Derived from natural rights theory
Cultural/ Social Perspectives
Experience with the environment
Represented by behavioral psychology
Rational Analysis/Cognitive Processes
Thought, Reason and Education
Non-rational/Need based Perspective
Experience, Expertise and Emotion
Theological Perspective
God given moral values
Unchallengeable among believers
Professional and Bureaucratic Roles
Public service ethics systems
Public opinion
5 min

15. Foundation… How supportive are the political institutions?
How are the relationships among social groups and between social groups and the political system in the country?
How is the socio-economic situation of the country?
How supportive are the prevailing ethics, norms and values in society?

16. Assessment of the Law Enforcement Agencies (NP, APF, AG)
Dimension
Indicator
Law
Practice
Capacity (50/100) {58}
Resources
50 {75}
Independence
75 {75}
25 {25}
Governance (42/100)
{38}
Transparency
50 {50}
Accountability
Integrity
75 {50}
Role (50/100) {38}
Corruption Prosecution 50
(Source: Figure in {} are of national figure.

18. Public Sector Ethics: Critical Aspects
Publicness in public service (rival & excludable)
Capacity of public sector
Healthy governance
Effective prevention
Sharp detection
Robust prosecution and recovery
Culture of integrity in public service
Motivated primarily by money or professional fulfilment
Sense of ownership: attachment, team sprit, proudness, …

19. Factors Affecting Integrity and Ethical Behaviour
Executive as an Individual
Internal/ Organizational
External Environment
Family Influences
Policies, Code of conduct
Government regulations
Religious / Cultural values
Behaviour of leaders, supervisors, peers and subordinates
Norms and values of politics – political behaviour
Personal standards, and needs
Organisational culture
Ethical climate of society- social values and norms
My Choice
How does religion affect – example rebirth
Ethical Behaviour

20. Options A businessman’s approach A market or an economist’s approach
A lawyer’s approach
Toughening laws & legislations
A businessman’s approach
Offering incentives to officials to disengage from corruption (buy out corruption).
A market or an economist’s approach
Introduce or increase competition
An institutional approach
Genuine political/leadership commitment

21. Promoting Integrity and Ethics
Identify and name an integrity problem
Knowledge of the legislation, codes, standards, related to the problem
Identify the solution

22. Things We Need! Organisation: Commitment
Clear set of values and standards
Communication of values and standards
Continuous and consistent actions
Moreover,
Acknowledge that “it starts with me!”
Establish a legend; let it be disseminated
Be wiling to pay price

24. References
Adhikari, S.H., 2014, Patron-Client Politics and Governance System of Nepal, submitted to Seoul National University, Republic of Korea, 2014
Adhikari, S.H., Gupta, A.K., & Shrestha, G.L. (2016). Level, Pattern and Trend of Corruption (Analysis Based on the Corruption and Improper Conducts' Cases Published by Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority, Nepal). Lalitpur, Nepal: Nepal Administrative Staff College.
Graaf, Gjalt De, 2007, Causes Of Corruption: Towards A Contextual Theory Of Corruption, Public Administration Quarterly,
Huberts, Maesschalck and Jurkiewicz, 2008; Ethics and Integrity of Governance
Jain, Arvind, 2001, Corruption: A Review, Journal of Economic Surveys Vol 15, No.1,
Pinto, Jonathan; Carrie R. Leana; Frits K. Pil, 2008, Corrupt Organizations Or Organizations Of Corrupt Individuals? Two Types Of Organization-level Corruption, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 33, No. 3, 685–709