1. Echinoderms Review

2. Animalia Echinodermata Asteroidea invertebrates Starfish belong in the
KINGDOM _______________
PHYLUM _______________
CLASS ___________________
Animalia
Echinodermata
Asteroidea
invertebrates
Echinoderms are _________________
vertebrates invertebrates

3. _____________ are organisms
radial
Adult echinoderms have ______________ symmetry.
no bilateral radial
Deuterostomes
_____________ are organisms
whose anus develops from the blastopore area in the embryo.

4. Since a starfish has NO INTESTINE, the nutrients are absorbed by the
_______________
digestive glands

5. Echinoderms have an endoskeleton made of calcium carbonate plates called _______________.
ossicles

6. In Latin the name “echinoderm” means __________________
Spiny skin
Name one of the 3 characteristics your book lists that are found only in echinoderms.
Endoskeleton made of OSSICLES
Water vascular system
Tube feet

7. The mouth of a starfish is located on the _____________ surface. oral
Sea stars (starfish) belong to the
Class _________________
Asteroidea
The mouth of a starfish is located on the _____________ surface.
oral

8. All of these organisms belong to the phylum _______________
Echinodermata (Echinoderms)

9. Water enters the water vascular system through small pores in the __________________.
madreporite

10. The small movable suction cupped extensions of the water vascular
open
Starfish have _____________circulation.
The small movable suction cupped extensions of the water vascular
system which aid in locomotion and
feeding are called _____________.
tube feet

11. What is the function of the ampullae?
Squeeze to control water entering and leaving the tube feet
The seastar can turn its ___________ stomach inside out through its mouth when it eats.
cardiac

12. Nutrients are absorbed in the ________________in a starfish.
The stone canal, ring canal, and radial canal are all parts of the ________________ system.
water vascular
Nutrients are absorbed in the ________________in a starfish.
digestive glands

13. Tell a function of the tube feet.
Locomotion Hold onto & pry open clam shells
Gas exchange/remove nitrogen waste

14. Most starfish are _______________.
The network of water filled canals connected to the tube feet is called the _________________ system.
Water vascular
carnivores
Most starfish are _______________.
Carnivores herbivores omnivores

15. This organ absorbs nutrients in an earthworm and a clam but is missing in starfish
intestine

16. The spines on the surface connect
into the ____________ inside.
Ossicles of the endoskeleton

17. Symmetry seen in echinoderm larvae
Type of reproduction seen in starfish
Asexual Sexual
They can do both!
Symmetry seen in echinoderm larvae
bilateral

18. Fertilization in echinoderms is _______________
T or F Most echinoderms are hermaphrodites.
False, they have separate sexes.
Fertilization in echinoderms is
_______________
External internal
external

19. skin gills and skin on their tube feet
Seastars “breathe” by exchanging gases through their _____________________________.
skin gills and skin on their tube feet
Echinoderms are missing all of these organs except ____________. Circulatory excretory respiratory digestive
digestive

20. The ability of starfish to regrow lost arms is called ________________.
regeneration

21. The surface of a starfish opposite from the mouth is the _____________
aboral

22. cardiac
The ___________________ stomach is extruded out of the mouth during feeding

23. Starfish have _____________ at the ends of each arm that can sense
What is the function of the pedicillariae?
Keep surface of starfish free of algae and small organisms that might damage or block it
Starfish have _____________ at the
ends of each arm that can sense
light and dark
eyespots

24. The anus and madreporite are on the ____________ surface of a starfish.
aboral

25. Special kind of radial symmetry seen is 5 armed starfish
pentaradial

26. All echinoderms are MARINE. That means they ____________.
have military-like camouflage
live in the ocean
march in lines like soldiers
stay in one place
live in oceans

27. Tell the body system each part belongs to:
Madreporite _____________________
Nerve ring _____________________
Ring canal ______________________
Ossicles ______________________
Gonads ______________________
Skin gills ______________________
Cardiac stomach ___________________
Water vascular
nervous
Water vascular
Skeletal
Reproductive
Respiratory/excretory
Digestive

28. Type of symmetry seen in this echinoderm
radial

29. When you cut into the starfish, the
Tube feet are found along the
__________________ groove.
ambulacral
When you cut into the starfish, the
space you see around the internal organs is the ______________
Mantle pseudocoelom coelom pericardial cavity cavity
coelom

30. The ventral surface is also called the _______ surface.
oral
TRUE or FALSE Starfish are hermaphrodites
False. They have separate sexes

31. The blue structures are _____________ for _____________________.
This diagram represents the 3 structures you learned about on the surface of a starfish.
The blue structures are _____________ for _____________________.
The red structures are ____________
for ____________________
The green structure is a _____________
for _________________________
spines
protection
Skin gills
Exchanging gases/removing nitrogen waste
pedicellaria
keeping the surface free of organisms

32. A B E C F D MADREPORITE A = _________________ E = ___________________
B = _________________ F = ___________________
C = _________________
D = _________________
AMPULLAE
STONE CANAL
TUBE FEET
RING CANAL
RADIAL CANAL

33. What do the typhlosole in an earthworm, the ridges on the gills in a clam, and the skin gills of a starfish have in common?
All are structures used to INCREASE SURFACE AREA
Asteroidea comes from the Latin word meaning _______________
star

34. The only invertebrates that are NOT PROTOSTOMES are the _________________________
echinoderms
What is the plural of pedicellaria?
pedicellariae

35. All echinoderms are MARINE. This means they _______________
Live in salt water (oceans)
How is reproduction in a starfish different from that of an earthworm?
Earthworms= hermaphrodites
Starfish= separate sexes; can use regeneration for asexual reproduction

36. Explain how diffusion is important to starfish
Diffusion of gas molecules from
high concentration to low concentration
is what causes gas exchange for breathing
Which of the following is an echinoderm larva?
A B
B: Echinoderms have a: BIPINNARIA larva with wings

37. Tell one way the starfish are similar to clams.
Both have: NO CEPHALIZATION
Open circulation (NO blood vessels)
eucoelomates
invertebrates
separate sexes
sexual reproduction with external fertilization (marine clams)
indirect development (start as larva)
have digestive gland that makes bile and
absorbs nutrients
have stomach attached to digestive gland

38. Tell one way the starfish are DIFFERENT FROM clams.
Clams: Starfish:
Protostomes Deuterostomes
Have an intestine No intestine
Heart pumps hemolymph No heart
Gills exchange gases Gases exchanged thru skin gills
Kidney to remove nitrogen no excretory organs/ nitrogen waste out thru skin gills
water vascular system
Shell for protection endoskeleton/spines for protection
Filter feeders carnivores some have internal fertilization external fertilization
(freshwater clams) Sexual reproduction only Can do sexual/asexual reprod.

39. Tell one way the starfish are similar to earthworms.
Both have: true coelomates
invertebrates
sexual reproduction external fertilization

40. Tell one way the starfish are DIFFERENT FROM earthworms.
Earthworms: Starfish:
Protostomes Deuterostomes
Intestine to absorb nutrients digestive glands absorb nutrients
Heart (aortic arches) pumps blood No heart
Nephridia to remove nitrogen no excretory organs/ nitrogen waste out thru skin gills
water vascular system
Hydrostatic skeleton endoskeleton/spines for protection
Closed circulation Open circulation
Direct development Indirect development
Cerebral ganglia/nerve cord Nerve ring, radial nerves, ganglia

41. Radial nerve & radial canal
Why are echinoderms thought to have evolved from a bilaterally symmetrical ancestor?
They have a bilaterally symmetrical larva
Which 2 structures you learned about are contained within the ambulacral ridge?
Radial nerve & radial canal

42. Name another echinoderm besides a starfish.
Sea lily, feather star, brittle star, sea urchin,
Basket star, sand dollar, sea cucumber
indirect They start out as a larva that looks different from the adult.
Starfish have __________development.
direct indirect

43. TRUE They have separate sexes and can use regeneration.
Name one of the structures found on the surface of a starfish and tell its function.
Spines- protection
Pedicellaria-pinchers that keep surface
clear of organisms
Skin gills- exchange gases/remove nitrogen waste
True OR False Sea stars can reproduce both sexually and asexually.
TRUE They have separate sexes and can use regeneration.

44. A sea star’s nervous system does NOT include ______________
Nerve ring nerve net radial nerves cerebral ganglia
a brain
Explain how a mollusk trochophore larva is different from an echinoderm bipinnaria larva.
Trochophore larvae are egg shaped with a ring of cilia to help them swim;
Bipinnaria have wings