1. SHAPE, FORM AND SPACE
CHAPTER 5
VOCABULARY

2. SHAPE
A TWO-DIMENSIONAL AREA THAT IS DEFINED IN SOME WAY

3. GEOMETRIC SHAPES
PRECISE SHAPES THAT CAN BE DESCRIBED USING MATHEMATICAL FORMULAS

4. FREE-FORM SHAPES
IRREGULAR AND UNEVEN SHAPES

5. ORGANIC SHAPES
SHAPES THAT ARE SILHOUETTES OF LIVING THINGS: ANIMALS, PEOPLE, TREES, ETC.

6. FORMS
OBJECTS HAVING THREE DIMENSIONS

7. FORMS

8. SPACE
THE ELEMENT OF ART THAT REFERS TO THE EMPTINESS OR AREA BETWEEN, AROUND, ABOVE, BELOW, OR WITHIN OBJECTS

9. POSITIVE SPACE
SHAPES OR FORMS ARE POSITIVE SPACE OR FIGURES

10. NEGATIVE SPACE
THE EMPTY SPACE AROUND OR BETWEEN SHAPES AND FORMS

11. HOLOGRAMS
IMAGES IN THREE-DIMENSIONS CREATED WITH A LASER BEAM

12. CHIAROSCURO The arrangement of light and shadow.
Also called modeling or shading
Introduced during the Italian Renaissance

13. HIGHLIGHTS SMALL AREAS OF WHITE USED TO SHOW THE VERY BRIGHEST SPOTS
HIGHLIGHTS SHOW THE SURFACES OF THE SUBJECT THAT REFLECTS THE MOST LIGHT
USED TO CREATE THE ILLUSION OF FORM
THE OPPOSITE OF SHADOW

14. HIGHLIGHTS

15. HIGHLIGHTS

16. PERSPECTIVE
A GRAPHIC SYSTEM THAT CREATES THE ILLUSION OF DEPTH AND VOLUME ON A TWO-DIMENSIONAL SURFACE

17. OVERLAPPING
WHEN OBJECTS COVER PART OF A SECOND OBJECT, THE FIRST SEEMS TO BE CLOSER TO THE VIEWER

18. SIZE
LARGE OBJECTS APPEAR TO BE CLOSER TO THE VIEWER THAN SMALL OBJECTS

19. PLACEMENT
OBJECTS PLACED LOW ON THE PICTURE PLANE APPEAR TO BE CLOSER TO THE VIEWER THAN OBJECTS PLACED AT EYE LEVEL

20. DETAIL AERIAL PERSPECTIVE
OBJECTS WITH CLEAR SHARP EDGES APPEAR TO BE CLOSER.
OBJECTS THAT LACK DETAIL AND HAVE HAZY OUTLINES APPEAR TO BE FARTHER AWAY

21. DETAIL

22. COLOR ATMOSPHERE PERSPECTIVE
BRIGHTLY COLORED OBJECTS APPEAR CLOSER
DULL LIGHT COLORS SEEM FURTHER AWAY
WARM COLORS SEEM CLOSER
COOL COLORS SEEM FARTHER AWAY

23. COLOR

24. CONVERGING LINES
LINEAR PERSPECTIVE IS A WAY OF USING LINES TO SHOW DISTANCE AND DEPTH
WE WILL GO OVER ONE AND TWO POINT PERSPECTIVE