1. Acid + Base → Carboxylate salt + NH4+
C3.5 Reaction Scheme
Alkane
2° Amine
3° Amine
Do not need to name 2° and 3° for L3
Slow H2
(Ni/Pt)
Turn red litmus to blue
1° Amine
Br2
Cl2
Heat
300°C Na
Alkene
fast
Warm
Dibromoalkane
NH3
Br2
Br2, Cl2,
HBr, PCl5
halogenation
Haloalkane
Alcoholic
KOH
Heat
170°C
Heat
Amino Acid
Dilute
H2SO4
Reflux
Conc.
H2SO4
Alcohol
3° alcohol
KOH(aq)
PCl5
SOCl2
2° alcohol
Reflux
Reflux
Polymerisation
Condensation
1° alcohol
2° alcohol
NaBH4
Cold
Cr2O7-2/H+(aq)
MnO4-/H+(aq
protein
1° alcohol
NaBH4
Cr2O7-2/H+(aq)
MnO4-/H+(aq
1° alcohol
NO reaction to
Tollens,
Oxidants
Benedict’s
Positive
reaction to
Tollens
Oxidants
Benedict’s
Aldehyde
Ketone
Reflux
polyester
Oxidation
H2O
Cr2O7-2/H+(aq)
MnO4-/H+(aq
Cr2O7-2/H+(aq)
MnO4-/H+(aq
NaBH4
Acid + Base → Carboxylate salt + NH4+
Dilute
H+(aq)
di-alcohol and di-carboxylic acid
Reflux
Carboxylate ion
Carboxylic
Acid
H2O
NH3 OR +
Conc.
H2SO4 (aq)
NH4+
NH3
SOCl2
Reflux
Heat
H2O
H3O+
NaOH
Not react to red litmus
Ester
alcohol
Acid chloride
Amide
NH3 (1)
or amine(2)
In alcohol
Violent reaction
to water
Plus
alcohol
NH3 in
alcohol
NaOH