1. Flash Photography Photojournalism
This presentation will concentrate on photography using external flashes. These typically have more power and bounce options than an on-camera popup flash.
Photojournalism

2. Sometimes, available light is not enough to produce a useable image.
In these situations, an artificial source of light is needed.

3. Available Light Ceiling lights on, side window
This photo was taken in adequate lighting with the overhead lights on and a window on the side.

4. Available Light Ceiling lights off, side window only
Without the overhead lights on, an available light photo has a rather slow shutter speed and is not very well lit.

5. Popup Flash
Typical of most in-camera flashes, the popup flash used in this image is very weak (this one has a guide number of 39 feet at 100 ISO.) The camera’s meter tells the flash how much power to use in its Through The Lens (TTL) flash metering system.
The TTL exposure thinks adding that little bit of flash is helpful, but the image still ends up too dark.
You can just make out the shadow of the ball on the backdrop around the bottom edge of the ball.

6. On-camera Speedlight Flash Pointed Toward Subject TTL Exposure
A flash mounted on the hotshoe is going to be much more powerful than the popup one (this one has a guide number of 197 at ISO 100.)
The TTL exposure is much better - this image is better lit by the powerful flash. Notice the sharp shadow under the ball.
This is the first example which should be included in the portfolio assessment of this lesson.

7. On Camera Speedlight Flash Bounce Off Ceiling
By turning the head of the flash upward, most of the ceiling now acts as the flash, diffusing the light, resulting in an image which is not as harsh as the previous one. Notice how the shadows under the ball are not as sharply defined.
This is the second example which should be included in the portfolio assessment of this lesson.

8. On Camera Speedlight Flash Bounce Off Nearby Wall
By turning the head of the flash sideways and bouncing the flash off a wall, then a nearby wall can act as the flash, diffusing the light, but creating a shadow on the opposite side of the subject.

9. On Camera Speedlight Flash Bounce Off Ceiling with Modifier Card
By turning the head of the flash upward, the entire ceiling now acts as the flash.
This is the third example which should be included in the portfolio assessment of this lesson.

10. Flash Bounce Off Ceiling with Exposure Compensation
On Camera Speedlight
Flash Bounce Off Ceiling with Exposure Compensation
-1 flash compensation
-2 flash compensation
Sometimes the TTL metering system is tricked by the subject. You may need to adjust the amount of flash hitting the subject. You could go completely manual, but you can make adjustments while staying in TTL mode.
Your camera-flash system should allow you to increase or decrease the amount of power the flash puts out. On your camera, look for the flash compensation icon. On the flash, this will simply be a +/- adjustment.
This shows the fourth and fifth examples which should be included in the portfolio assessment of this lesson. Include an image with + compensation and an image with - compensation.
+1 flash compensation
+2 flash compensation