1. Infant Mortality Albemarle, Charlottesville and Virginia 1995-2006

2. Infant Mortality by Race Albemarle and Charlottesville 1995-2005

3. Infant Mortality Among Black Infants TJHD, Virginia, U.S. 1998-2004

4. Neonatal Death Rate (<28 Days) Albemarle, Charlottesville and Virginia 1995-2005

5. Top 5 Causes of Infant Mortality TJHD, 2002-2006
Source: Division of Women’s and Infant’s Health, Virginia Department of Health

6. Percent of Low Weight (<2500g) Births Albemarle, Charlottesville, Virginia 1997-2004
Low birth weight is a predictor of infant mortality. LBW can be due to pre-term delivery or small size for gestational age
Low birth weight (<2500g)= 40 times greater risk of mortality in neonatal period, very low birth weight(<1500g)= 100 times greater risk1
1 Mathews et al. 2002
NBW = Normal birth weight ( > 2500 grams)
LBW = Low birth weight (1500 to 2499 grams)
VLBW = Very low birth weight
(1000 to 1499 grams)
ELBW = Extremely low birth weight
(400 to 999 grams)

7. Percent of Low Weight Births for Black Infants Charlottesville-Albemarle, Virginia, U.S. 1997-2004
Women living in poverty are far more likely to have LBW babies, and Black women more likely to deliver LBW infants than White women, even adjusted for age and poverty.2 The reasons for this disparity are still largely unknown.
2 Ellen, 2000.

8. % of Infant Deaths by Number of Prenatal Visits Thomas Jefferson Health District, 2002-2006
Source: Division of Women’s and Infant’s Health, Virginia Department of Health

9. Percent of Births With >10 Prenatal Visits Albemarle and Charlottesville,1999-2004
13-14 visits recommended by ACOG
Risk for infant mortality more than 30% higher for women who receive little or no prenatal care
Source: National Center for Health Statistics
Women who do not have access to or fail to obtain prenatal care may have other risk factors for poor outcomes1
Ensuring that all pregnant women receive prenatal care can help to avoid the behavioral factors that contribute to poor birth outcomes (nutrition, smoking) 1
1 Alexander, et al. 1987

10. Local Barriers to Prenatal Care
Study of Medicaid-eligible moms who delivered at UVA between Dec and Feb. 2008
Phone survey
Only able to reach 32 of the 125 moms
Mean age = 25 (18-38)
50% graduated from high school
78% had not planned pregnancy
97% received some prenatal care (4-20 visits)
78% not married
Suggestions from participants:
More flexibility in scheduling
Schedule appointments over phone

11. Local Barriers to Prenatal Care
Difficulty making appointments
Long lag time in getting first appointment
Multiple steps
Mailed appointment time (in English) rather than scheduling by phone
Transportation problems
Problems communicating with healthcare providers
Feeling too sick to go to appointment
Suggestions from participants:
More flexibility in scheduling
Schedule appointments over phone 11

12. No 1st Trimester Prenatal Care and Low Birth Weight
City of Charlottesville,
The Meadows
Greenbrier
Barracks Road
Barracks Rugby
Venable
Locust Grove
Lewis Mountain
Rose Hill
North Downtown
10th & Page
Starr Hill
Martha Jefferson
Jefferson Park Ave.
Fifeville
Woolen Mills
Ridge St.
Johnson Village
Belmont
Fry’s Spring

13. Births To Mothers With Less Than 12th Grade Education, Albemarle, Charlottesville, and Virginia

14. Fry’s
Spring
Ridge
St.
Belmont
Barracks/
Rugby
Greenbrier
10th & Page
Venable
Locust
Grove
Ridge St.
Belmont
10th & Page
Greenbrier
Barracks/
Rugby

15. Black Mothers’ Education Less than 12 Years
South Barracks/Rugby 54% (26)
Ridge St./North area 51% (399)
10th and Page % (266)
Central Fry’s Spring 44% (25)
Southwest Belmont 42% (19)
Ridge St./South 42% (236)
Southeast Venable 40% (75)

16. Teen Pregnancy Rate Albemarle, Charlottesville, and Virginia 3-Year Rolling Averages, 1997-2005