1. Phase Diagrams: Solid, Liquid & Gas Roadmaps
H2O
a. High T gas
Solid
b. Gas  Liquid (boiling)
Liquid
Pressure (atm) e. d. c. b. a.
c. Liquid
1.0
d. Liquid  Solid Transition
0ºC
Gas
e. Cold Solid
100
Temperature (ºC)

2. Phase Diagrams: Solid, Liquid & Gas Roadmaps
H2O d.
a. Low P. Gas
Solid
Liquid c.
b. Gas  Solid transition
Pressure (atm)
1.0
c. Solid  Liquid b.
Gas
d. Liquid a.
100
Temperature (ºC)

3. Pressure and Density Increasing Pressure Least Dense Most Dense Gas
Piston
Gas
Increasing Pressure
Least Dense
Most Dense
Many Materials:
Gas
Liquid
Solid
...but for water!
Gas
Solid
Liquid

4. Phase Diagrams: Solid, Liquid & Gas Roadmaps
H2O
Gas
Solid
Liquid
Pressure (atm)
Vapor pressure
Atmospheric pressure =
1.0
0.8
Boiling Point Temperature
100 ºC for 1 atm
New Boiling Point Temperature (92ºC)
100 92
Temperature (ºC)