1. Taoism

2. Passage 5
DIRECTIONS: A) Identify the paradoxes within this passage. Explain their significance. B) What are the main ideas of this passage? The Tao doesn’t take sides; It gives birth to both good and evil. The Master doesn’t take sides; She welcomes both saints and sinners. The Tao is like a bellows; It is empty yet infinitely capable. The more you use it, the more it produces; The more you talk of it, the less you understand. Hold on to the center.

4. Lao Tzu Background Lao Tzu - ~ 600 B.C.E.
Was regarded as a sage; “Tzu” means “master” => Lao Tzu means “old master” or “old boy”
Lao Tzu disliked the disorder of Chou dynasty and decided to leave his village. When the guard could not persuade him to stay, he asked Lao Tzu to leave some words to live by. These words became known as the Tao te Ching, or “The way of things.”
Lao Tzu vanished over the mountain pass and was never seen again.

5. Taoism Taoism: Tao, an Chinese word, means "way" or "path."
The Tao is often translated as "the Way of all things“
The Tao is viewed as “an empty void pregnant with the infinite possibilities of existence.”
The meaning of the Tao is “beyond the capacity of words” and beyond all opposites. * As a result, it often uses paradoxical language

6. Taoism
Paradox: a phrase/sentence that possesses a contradictory meaning yet is somehow true
i.e. “Fire makes ice colder”
The Way is like an empty vessel That yet may be drawn from Without ever needing to be filled. It is bottomless; the very progenitor of all things in the world. (Chapter four of the Daode jing; translation by Arthur Waley)

7. Vinegar Tasters

9. P’u (The Uncarved Block)
P’u – “natural, simple, plain, honest”
P’u – two characters
1) “radical” – tree or wood
2) “phonetic” – dense growth or thicket
i.e. “things in their natural state”

10. Wu Wei Wu Wei - “without doing, causing, or making”
comes from the Chinese symbol of a clawing hand and a monkey => meaning “No Monkeying Around” 

12. Taoist Concepts Balance – mental/physical Harmony - mental/physical
Efficiency - mental/physical
Interdependency - mental/physical
Flow - mental/physical
Beliefs grounded in Yin Yang – the unity of opposites and harmony in all things

13. Yin and Yang

14. Taoism Review Expresses a mistrust of conventional knowledge
Concentrates attention on the observation of nature
Transformations and change are essential features of nature
There is a unity of opposites
If you want to achieve something, then you should start with the opposite
Change occurs naturally and spontaneously
Act naturally and in harmony with nature
Logical reasoning is part of the artificial world of man