1. States of Matter
Turk

2. Matter Matter is anything that: a) has mass, and b) takes up space
Mass = a measure of the amount of “stuff” (or material) the object contains (don’t confuse this with weight, a measure of gravity)
Volume = a measure of the space occupied by the object

3. States of matter
Solid- matter that can not flow (definite shape) and has definite volume.
Liquid- definite volume but takes the shape of its container (flows).
Gas- a substance without definite volume or shape and can flow.
_____- a substance that is currently a gas, but normally is a liquid or solid at room temperature. (Which is correct: “water gas”, or “water vapor”?)

4. States of Matter Definite Volume? Definite Shape? Solid Liquid Gas
Result of a TemperatureIncrease?
Definite Volume?
Definite Shape?
Will it Compress?
Small Expans.
Solid
YES
YES NO
Small Expans.
Liquid NO NO
YES
Large Expans.
Gas NO NO
YES

5. Three Main Phases

6. Condense
Freeze
Melt
Evaporate
Solid
Liquid
Gas

7. Energy is absorbed
Energy is released

8. Potential Energy- stored energy
Kinetic Energy- energy having to do with motion

9. Heat of Fusion - amount of heat needed to be absorbed to convert a unit of mass of a substance from a solid to a liquid at its melting point
Heat of Vaporization - amount of heat needed to be absorbed to convert a unit mass of a substance from its liquid phase to gas phase.

10. Heating Curve for Water
vaporization E
gas D
100
condensation C
liquid
melting
Temperature (oC)
Melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, sublimation, and deposition are six common phase changes.
Note: The temperature of a substance does not change during a phase change. B A
freezing
solid
Heat added
LeMay Jr, Beall, Robblee, Brower, Chemistry Connections to Our Changing World , 1996, page 487

11. Heating Curve
Temperature of the ice (solid) is increasing; increase in temperature means an increase in kinetic energy.
At 0oC the ice begins to melt. During melting, the temperature stays the same; there is no change in kinetic energy. There is a change in potential energy; potential energy is increasing.
The temperature of the water now rises from 0oC to 100oC.

12. Heating Curve
4. At 100oC, the water boils (changes to gas). When the water boils, the temperature stays the same; no change in kinetic energy. There is a change in potential energy; potential energy increases. 5. After all the water boils, the temperature of the gas rises.