1. Phylogeny Comparative Anatomy Biology Department Misericordia Univ.
Dr. Tony Serino

2. Origin of Life (the primordial soup)

3. Geologic Time Scale

4. Pre-cambrian Radiation

7. Deutrostomes vs. Protostomes

8. BCL

9. Echinoderms

10. Chordates to Vertebrates
Living Examples
(starfish)
Pre-chordate
Sessile arm feeder
Bilateral, ciliated larva (BCL)
Echinoderms (esp. crinoids)
Hemichordates
Sessile, ciliated arm feeder with BCL
Gill slits for better feeding
Appearance of pre-notochord
Some metameric muscle in larva
Hemichordates: acorn worms; pterobranchs
Protochordates

12. BCL

13. Phylum Hemichordata
Acorn worms (enteropneusta)
Pterobranchs

16. BCLs

18. Subphylum Urochordata

21. Protochordates Primitive vertebrate Urochordata: Larvae
Loss of tentacles
Post-anal tail development
Some metameric muscles
Tadpole like larva; more time spent as larva
Notochord and dorsal hollow nerve cord in larva
Urochordata:
tunicates
neoteny
Primitive vertebrate
All chordate characteristics present
Development of kidney and other organ systems
Extensive segmental musculature
Motile filter feeder
Cephalochordata: amphioxus

22. (Neoteny)

23. Subphylum Cephalochardata