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Notes: Chemical Families and their Properties

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Presentation on theme: "Notes: Chemical Families and their Properties"— Presentation transcript:

1 Notes: Chemical Families and their Properties

2 Timeline of Chemical Landmarks:
Interactive Timeline:

3 Periodic Table Song – American Chemical Society

4 Rows = Periods Columns = Groups or Families

5 1A : Alkali Metals All metals Have 1 valence electron
Lose 1 electron to form 1+ cations Most reactive of all metals – reactivity increases as you go down group/family Reacts violently with H20 React with Non-metals to form ionic compounds called “salts”.

6 2A : Alkaline Earth Metals
All metals Have 2 valence electrons Lose 2 electrons to form 2+ cations. All reactive metals with distinctive flame colors Increased solubility with decreased temperature. Ex: could only dissolve sugar into tea ONLY when cold

7 3A : Boron Family All metals Have 3 valence electrons
Lose 3 electrons to form 3+ cations Aluminum = 3rd most abundant element in earth’s crust

8 1B – 8B : Transition Metals
All metals Less reactive than alkali metals & alkali earth metals

9 4A : Carbon Family Metals, Non-metals, & Metalloids
Have 4 valence electrons Form either 4+ cations OR 4- anions Can make 4 bonds – most number of bonds that can be made Carbon present in all living things Silicon = second most abundant element on earth

10 5A : Nitrogen Family Also called “pnictogens” Have 5 valence electrons
Gain 3 electrons to form 3- anions

11 6A : Oxygen Family Also called “chalcogens” Have 6 valence electrons
Gain 2 electrons to form 2- anions Also share electrons to form covalent bonds Oxygen = most common element in earth’s crust

12 7A : Halogens All non-metals 7 valence electrons
Gain an electron to form -1 anions “halo” = salt Halogens form salts (ionic compounds) with metals MOST reactive of non-metals Only family that has elements in all three states of matter at room temperature and pressure

13 8A : Noble/Inert Gases Full outer shell with 8 valence electrons
“iners” = inactive in Latin Almost completely unreactive Exist as monoatomic gases (Ne2, Xe2, …) Extremely rare in nature

14 Classwork: Color and label periodic table – DUE BEGINNING OF PERIOD FRIDAY

15 Octet Rule: Atoms are “happiest” (most stable) when they have a full valence shell with 8 valence electrons Atoms “get happy” by losing, gaining, or sharing electrons.


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