1. Notes: Chemical Families and their Properties

2. Timeline of Chemical Landmarks:
Interactive Timeline:

3. Periodic Table Song – American Chemical Society

4. Rows = Periods Columns = Groups or Families

5. 1A : Alkali Metals All metals Have 1 valence electron
Lose 1 electron to form 1+ cations
Most reactive of all metals – reactivity increases as you go down group/family
Reacts violently with H20
React with Non-metals to form ionic compounds called “salts”.

6. 2A : Alkaline Earth Metals
All metals
Have 2 valence electrons
Lose 2 electrons to form 2+ cations.
All reactive metals with distinctive flame colors
Increased solubility with decreased temperature.
Ex: could only dissolve sugar into tea ONLY when cold

7. 3A : Boron Family All metals Have 3 valence electrons
Lose 3 electrons to form 3+ cations
Aluminum = 3rd most abundant element in earth’s crust

8. 1B – 8B : Transition Metals
All metals
Less reactive than alkali metals & alkali earth metals

9. 4A : Carbon Family Metals, Non-metals, & Metalloids
Have 4 valence electrons
Form either 4+ cations OR 4- anions
Can make 4 bonds – most number of bonds that can be made
Carbon present in all living things
Silicon = second most abundant element on earth

10. 5A : Nitrogen Family Also called “pnictogens” Have 5 valence electrons
Gain 3 electrons to form 3- anions

11. 6A : Oxygen Family Also called “chalcogens” Have 6 valence electrons
Gain 2 electrons to form 2- anions
Also share electrons to form covalent bonds
Oxygen = most common element in earth’s crust

12. 7A : Halogens All non-metals 7 valence electrons
Gain an electron to form -1 anions
“halo” = salt
Halogens form salts (ionic compounds) with metals
MOST reactive of non-metals
Only family that has elements in all three states of matter at room temperature and pressure

13. 8A : Noble/Inert Gases Full outer shell with 8 valence electrons
“iners” = inactive in Latin
Almost completely unreactive
Exist as monoatomic gases (Ne2, Xe2, …)
Extremely rare in nature

14. Classwork: Color and label periodic table – DUE BEGINNING OF PERIOD FRIDAY

15. Octet Rule:
Atoms are “happiest” (most stable) when they have a full valence shell with 8 valence electrons
Atoms “get happy” by losing, gaining, or sharing electrons.