1. Respiration
4.4,
10 October 2014

2. Respiration is NOT the same as breathing.

3. When you go for a jog or run up a flight of steps
When you go for a jog or run up a flight of steps. Why is it that you breathe harder?

4. Your body needs more oxygen to help convert sugar into ATP.

5. Cellular respiration is the release of chemical energy from carbon-based molecules to make ATP when O2 is present. Respiration takes place within mitochondria

6. Photosynthesis Equation
Cellular respiration is like a mirror image of photosynthesis…yes…write all of this down…
Photosynthesis Equation
Sunlight (energy) + 6H2O + 6CO2 --> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Aerobic Respiration Equation
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6H2O + 6CO ATP (energy)

7. Respiration is an aerobic process, which means that it needs (oxygen) O2 to take place. The opposite of aerobic is anaerobic, which means no oxygen is present.

8. GLYCO- means “related to sugar or sugar derivatives
GLYCO- means “related to sugar or sugar derivatives.” Examples: Glycogen and Glycoprotein…

9. LYSIS - means “to break apart or destroy.” Hydrolysis….electrolysis….

10. So what does glycolysis mean???

11. Glycolysis is the anaerobic process of breaking down glucose to yield 2 molecules pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 NADH molecules. Glycolysis takes place within the cytoplasm.

12. Let’s take a break…

13. The Krebs cycle, aka the citric acid cycle, is a process in cellular respiration that produces high-energy electrons to be carries into the ETC. Krebs cycle takes place within the mitochondrion matrix.

14. The Electron Transport Chain (ETC) A Collection of proteins that use energy from NADH and FADH2 to pump Hydrogen ions across the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.

15. The flow of Hydrogen ions through ATP synthase provides the energy to add phosphate groups to ADP. Adding a phosphate group to ADP converts it into ATP.

16. This is WHY you need OXYGEN!
Oxygen (O2) picks up the electrons from the ETC and the hydrogen ions flowing through the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
This is WHY you need OXYGEN!
These HYDROGEN ions and OXYGEN atoms make water, which is released as “waste” by the mitochondrion.

17. Walrus and seals…kangaroo rats… These organisms do not drink much water. Instead they obtain water from respiration and protein synthesis.

18. Time for another break…

19. When you workout really hard…why do your muscles burn?

20. Lactic acid build-up is what makes your muscles ache after a hard work out… Where does the lactic acid come from?

21. Fermentation: glycolysis without the presence of oxygen (O2)
Fermentation: glycolysis without the presence of oxygen (O2). 2 kinds of fermentation: 1) Lactic Acid Fermentation 2) Alcoholic Fermentation

22. In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate (from glycolysis) is converted into lactic acid. It is anaerobic. Pyruvate Lactic Acid (sore muscles). Fermentation converts NADH+ back into NAD. NAD(Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide).

23. Lactic Acid Fermentation Gives Us…

24. Ethanol (I’m drunk) Pyruvic Acid CO2 (raises bread)
In alcoholic fermentation, pyruvate (from glycolysis) is converted into ethanol and CO2. It is anaerobic. Fermentation converts NADH back into NAD+. NAD (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide).
Ethanol (I’m drunk)
Pyruvic Acid
CO2 (raises bread)

25. Alcoholic Fermentation gives us…

26. The whole point of fermentation is to CONTINUE anaerobic ATP production. The Whole point of fermentation is to CONTINUE anaerobic ATP production. Yes…write it twice…

27. Finished!