1. AP Biology
Biotechnology Part 4

2. DNA is Negatively Charged

3. Kary Mullis

4. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

5. Restriction Enzymes used to create RFLPs
Normal b-globin allele
175 bp
201 bp
Large fragment
Ddel
Ddel
Ddel
Ddel
Sickle-cell mutant b-globin allele
376 bp
Large fragment
Ddel
Ddel
Ddel
Ddel restriction sites in normal and sickle-cell alleles of
-globin gene
Normal
allele
Sickle-cell
allele
Large
fragment
376 bp
201 bp
175 bp
Electrophoresis of restriction fragments from normal
and sickle-cell alleles

6. DNA Gel Electrophoresis

7. Finished Product

8. Human Genome Project

9. DNA Microarray Assay “Light Bright” – 4 Colors = 4 Nucleotides

10. Dideo labeled nucleotides and determining sequence (USE the dd nucleotides)
DNA
(template strand)
Primer
Deoxyribonucleotides
Dideoxyribonucleotides
(fluorescently tagged) 3¢ 5¢ 5¢
DNA
polymerase 3¢
DNA (template
strand)
Labeled strands 5¢ 3¢ 3¢
Direction
of movement
of strands
Laser
Detector

11. Plasmid Map “Starting Point” sample

12. Plasmid Map Final Product sample

13. Gene Therapy to treat diseases

14. New DNA based Medicines

15. Crime Scene Investigations

16. Environmental Clean-up in the gulf

17. Agriculture

18. Livestock