1. Sleep Unit 4

2. No definitive answer Restorative Theory Adaptive Non-responding Theory
Why do we sleep?
No definitive answer
Only theories:
Restorative Theory
Adaptive Non-responding Theory
Combination

3. Circadian Rhythm Biological clock that governs how people function
1. Sequence of bodily changes (body temp, blood pressure, sleep and wake) 2. Usually operates on 24-hour day

4. Stages of Sleep Measured with EEG: 2 types (REM & NREM)
1. NREM (Non-rapid eye movement)
Stage 1: Lightest Sleep; Alpha Waves- drowsy, slow eye movement, muscle activity stabilizes
Stage 2: Theta Waves
Stage 3 & 4: Delta waves – deepest sleep

5. Stages of Sleep… 2. REM (Rapid Eye Movement)
Waves resemble wakefulness- CNS active
Increased heart rate, blood pressure, O2 consumption
Muscle activity suppressed

6. We pass through all stages in 90-minute cycle 4-6 cycles each night
The Sleep Cycle
We pass through all stages in 90-minute cycle
4-6 cycles each night
Most slow wave sleep occurs early
Most REM occurs in 2nd half of night

8. We All Need Sleep!!! Sleep range is from:
- 4 to 10 hours
- Average is 7.5 hours
Effects of differing sleep duration may correlate with life expectancy
Most people get less sleep than needed due to lifestyle

9. Do think that you often enter REM sleep?
Table Talk
Do think that you often enter REM sleep?
Why?
How many hours of sleep did you get last night?
How many hours of sleep do you get on average?

10. Sleep Need… As long as 11 days
Sleep Deprivation
As long as 11 days
After 2-3 days: micro sleep occurs (2-5 minute sleep)
Selective sleep deprivation: deprived of REM

11. Sleep need changes with age Adult REM: 25%; over 60 declines to 15%
Average drops from 7.5 hours to 6-7 hours as we age
Sleep latency (time to fall asleep) increases
Decline in stage 3 and 4 sleep

13. Sleep Disorders A. Insomnia:
Difficulty in falling asleep, lasts 2-3 days
Treatment by sleeping pills effective for only 2 weeks
Learned/conditioned insomnia caused by bad sleeping habits
Cognitive arousal (worry/anxiety) a cause
Standard treatments: muscle relaxation techniques, hypnosis, sleep restriction therapy, psychotherapy

14. Sleep Disorders… B. Sleep Apnea
Breathing interruption that occurs during sleep
Occurs when air passages are blocked
Do not automatically start breathing until they sit up and gasp for air
May be linked to SIDS
SIDS = Sudden Infant
Death Syndrome

15. Sleep Disorders… C. Narcolepsy
Suddenly fall asleep regardless of time or surroundings
Fall into REM sleep and awaken feeling refreshed
Treatment: drug therapy and frequent naps

16. How long can you last with sleep deprivation?
Table Talk
How long can you last with sleep deprivation?
Do you or anyone you know suffer from a sleep disorder?
What are you / they doing to treat or improve their condition?