2. Nontariff Barriers to Imports
Chapter 9
Nontariff Barriers to Imports

3. Figure 9.1 – Major Types of NTBs

4. Figure 9.2 – The Effects of an Import Quota under Competitive Conditions, Small Importing Country

5. Figure 9.3 – The Effects of an Import Quota under Competitive Conditions, Large Importing Country

6. Tariff, Domestic Monopoly

7. Import Quota, Domestic Monopoly

8. Figure 9. 4 - Losses and Gains from U. S
Figure Losses and Gains from U.S. Protection, Selected Products, 1990

9. World Trade Organization (WTO)
Oversees the global rules for government policies toward international trade. More than 140 member countries. Established 1995.
Succeeds and subsumes the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (“interim” agreement, 1947).
Principles:
Liberalization of trade restrictions, move toward free trade
Nondiscrimination among countries, often called the most favored nation (MFN) principle
No unfair encouragement for exports