1. Classification of Matter
Pure Substances, Mixtures, States of Matter, Changes in Matter

2. Breakdown of Matter

3. Matter can be classified into…
Pure Substances
A sample of matter, either an element or a compound, that consists of only one component with definite physical and chemical properties and a definite composition.

4. Pure Substances Elements: Compounds: simplest form of pure substance.
They cannot be broken into anything else by physical or chemical means (one type of
atom)
Ex: iron (Fe), gold (Au), anything on the periodic table of elemnts
Compounds:
pure substances that are the unions of two or more elements.
They can be broken into simpler substances ONLY by chemical means
Has a chemical formula
Ex: salt (NaCl), water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2)

5. Matter can be classified into…..
Mixtures
two or more substances that are not chemically combined with each other and can be separated by physical means. The substances in a mixture retain their individual properties.
No chemical change takes place
They can be separated physically
Can further be classified as Heterogeneous or Homogeneous Mixtures

6. Heterogeneous Mixtures
not uniform in composition
You can see the different parts
Ex:
Oil and water
concrete
blood
Pizza
sand in water

7. Homogeneous Mixtures also called solution uniform in composition
no visible parts
Ex:
vinegar
clear air
salt water
brass

8. Physical Separation Techniques
Filtration- solid part is trapped by filter paper and the liquid part runs through the paper
Vaporization- where the liquid portion is evaporated off to leave solid

9. Physical Separation Techniques
Decanting- when liquid is poured off after solid has settled to bottom
Centrifuge- machine that spins a sample very quickly so that components with different densities will separate

10. Physical Separation Techniques
Paper Chromatography- used to separate mixtures because different parts move quicker on paper than other