1. Oregon Tech Active Shooter Training Presented by: Chris Bowman - Campus Safety Senior Patrol Officer ALICE Certified Instructor

2. What Will Be Covered In Training
Oregon Tech’s Methodology: Run, Hide, Counter
Overview of Previous Active Shooter Incidents and Law Enforcement Response Times
Pre-Attack Behavior / Characteristics
Cover Aspects of Run, Hide, Counter/Fight Utilizing ALICE Principles, DHS and FBI Guidelines
Final Thoughts/Topics/Scenarios and Drills
NOTE: some of the statistics and topics may be disturbing or concerning to some of those in attendance. If at any time you feel you need to leave the room please feel free to do so. Also all photos shown in this presentation are photos from actual ALICE training

3. Run, Hide, Counter Method
DHS defines an active shooter as “an individual actively engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a confined and populated area; in most cases, active shooters use firearms and there is no pattern or method to their selection of victims”
Oregon Tech teaches a run, hide, counter methodology. This methodology, which is not always sequential, incorporates both ALICE and Department of Homeland Security Active Shooter guidelines. ALICE is a proactive, options-based plan for civilian response
Counter involves the use of noise, distance, distraction and movement to achieve a desired outcome

4. Previous Active Shooter Incidents
Virginia Tech – 4/16/07
32 dead and 17 wounded. 174 rounds fired by the shooter
First shooting in a Res Hall at 715am. 2 killed. Initial reports to VTPD are that a student fell out of loft bed
First alert about shooting in Res Hall went out at 926am
At 940am the shooter begins shooting in Norris Hall after chaining exit doors from the inside. Shortly thereafter 911 calls start to come in regarding the shooting in Norris Hall
First officers arrive on scene 3 minutes after shooting starts
The shooter is unable to get into room 205 due to students and faculty barricading door. A faculty member in room 204 is killed while using his body to barricade the door. Access is gained to classes 206 and 207 as well
At 951am the shooter commits suicide. The shooting in Norris lasted 11 minutes

5. Previous Active Shooter Incidents
Umpqua Community College – 10/1/15
Shooting starts in Snyder Hall at 1030am. First 911 call received at 1038am
One student selected at random to carry packet to the police and media. Packet contained a suicide note as well as copies of reports on previous mass shootings, such as Virginia Tech
Shooter was armed with 3 handguns and had access to an AR-15 rife, although it wasn’t used
First officers arrived on scene at approximately 1045am, 7 minutes after first 911 call made
Multiple reports received of the shooter entering a classroom and telling students to stand up and identify their religious views
Officers engage the shooter, wounding him. Shooter retreats to a classroom and commits suicide at approximately 1048am. 10 are killed including the shooter and 9 are wounded

6. Law Enforcement Response Times
In studies by both the ALICE Training Institute and the Department of Justice (DOJ), the following information was gathered regarding officer response times to active shooter incidents:
The DOJ study showed that 32.6% of the time officers responded within 6 to 10 minutes of shots being fired
The ALICE study had a similar result, showing that officers responded within 2 to 10 minutes of shots being fired
On average the first 911 calls come 1 to 2 minutes after the incident began. It then takes an additional 1 to 2 minutes, if not slightly longer, for dispatch to send officers to the scene
CASE STUDY: Reynolds High School June school resource officer 5 minute response

7. Pre-Attack Behaviors/Characteristics
The following information was gathered from the FBI Pre-Attack Behavioral Analysis report from June Additional information came from the ALICE instructor school and an NYPD study. All of the following information cover typical behaviors seen by those committing these types of crimes, however there is no official profile for who might become an active shooter:
Shooters often pre-plan attacks. 77% of shooters spent a week or longer planning the attack, with 26% of those spending 1 to 2 months planning an attack. 46% spent a week or longer preparing for the attack by gathering needed materials, possibly conducting surveillance, developing “legacy tokens” and so on. “Legacy tokens” refer to any item, such as videos, journals and so on that a shooter leaves behind to explain why he/she did what they did
A study of previous active shooter incidents showed that they tend to often be white males. Additionally 29% of shooters were in the 40 to 49 age bracket while 25% were in the 18 to 29 age bracket
They tend to be injustice collectors and tend to have a history of acting in an abusive, harassing or oppressive way towards others. 21% of the shooters studied previous active shooter incidents in hopes of learning from the mistakes made and to outdo what the others had done (UCC shooter/Virginia Tech God)

8. Pre-Attack Behaviors/Characteristics
According to an NYPD student 98% of shooters acted alone
Shooters by and large are not tactical operators (Clackamas Town Center shooter – magazine issue)
Shooters may suffer from both diagnosed and undiagnosed mental health concerns, such as depression, anxiety and paranoia. Additionally nearly half of all shooters engaged in suicidal ideation or behaviors at some point in their lives
Shooters have often experienced within the last 12 months to two years the following stressors and concerning behaviors (stressors being internal conflicts or thoughts and concerning behaviors being observable actions):
Top 5 stressors per FBI – mental health issues, financial strain, job/school issues, conflicts with friends/peers and marital problems
Top 5 concerning behaviors – mental health/emotional health incidents, interpersonal interactions (referring to more than usual discord in ongoing relationships), leakage (communicating to a 3rd party any plans or intentions), work performance and school performance

9. Run (Evacuate, Inform, Alert)
If you can get out safely do so
When peering out of a classroom or office, get down on your hands and knees and peer out from a low position
Look to see what direction people are running and move away from the sounds of shots, screams or shouts
Look for the shooter as you leave. If you can see the shooter get out of sight and hide/barricade yourself in a room, closet or office

10. Run (Evacuate, Inform, Alert)
Run in a zig-zag fashion, primarily in open spaces. Run from cover to cover if possible
Putting distance between you and the shooter is your best option
When running leave your personal belongings behind and vacate regardless of whether others follow or not
If you can help others get out
When you reach safety you can contact 911 and provide additional details about the incident

11. Hide (Lockdown, Evacuate)
If you can’t run or escape, hiding is the next best option
Lock the door (if it isn’t already) and barricade the door using bookcases, tables, desks, filing cabinets or anything else to create a barricade. Turn off the lights and silence electronics
Always try to barricade even if you can lock the door. Locked doors in the past have been defeated (side windows/door windows)
Spread out – do not huddle together for comfort
Stay out of the line of fire, meaning away from the door line of sight

12. HIDE (Lockdown, Evacuate)
Post at door to counter
Remain quiet
Only open the door for law enforcement/public safety personnel. Some may be plain clothed officers or outside agencies working locally
If you’re worried about whether it is law enforcement at the door, call 911
Take cover, not concealment. Cover has ballistic stopping power, concealment does not

13. COUNTER (Noise, Distance, Movement, Distraction)
Counter is a personal choice and is age/skill appropriate
If the shooter comes into the room, you must counter as a group. Hiding once the threat is in your location only creates a stationary target
The goal of countering is to disrupt the shooter’s OODA loop. OODA stands for Observe, Orient, Decide, Act. By disrupting the shooters OODA loop you interrupt their process of not only shooting accurately but also their ability to react to an ever changing set of circumstances

14. COUNTER (Noise, Distance, Movement, Distraction)
Scream, throw objects and swarm the attacker by gaining control of the weapon as well as the arms and legs. Swarming is the go to move for the US Secret Service (President Reagan)
Strength in numbers
Trap/secure weapon ASAP and take shooter to the ground
Strip the gun away and either cover with a trash can or place a foot on weapon
Last option: use weapon to stop shooter if necessary

15. Final Thoughts/Topics
Do not pull the fire alarm. Pulling the alarm not only adds additional victims/targets into the situation but it also hinders locating the sound of shoots and communications between law enforcement
Know your location on campus at any given time. Make sure to know the room number you are in and pay attention to the names of buildings. It is suggested that faculty and staff make some notation in their offices and classrooms what building and room they are in. In a crisis remembering your location can be difficult, but having it visible on a wall assists with letting 911 know where you are located
For Faculty/Staff: if possible lock the door to your classroom/office and leave the door propped open
Once you are barricaded stay sheltered in place until rescued. Once you are barricaded and sheltered in place do not open the door for others as indicated previously (re: others looking for shelter)

16. Final Thoughts/Topics
Per an FBI study, 13.1% of active shooter incidents were ended/stopped by unarmed citizens. 60% of active shooter incidents ended before law enforcement arrived, with 39% of those involving shooter suicides (Per FBI at the Mass Violence Conference, U of O, September 2017)
ALICE suggests gathering at a marshalling point once evacuated if possible. If no marshalling point is established then get as far away from the incident as possible ON FOOT. Do not attempt to leave in a vehicle – fine motor skills and congestion
If you have grade school age children: check Amazon or other online stores for ALICE training books titled “Aunt Hill Disaster” and “I’m Not Scared I’m Prepared”. These books explain to young children active shooter response in terms they can understand. Amazon has each book for between $8 and $10 as of

17. Scenarios / Video
Participants are encouraged to participate in scenario trainings, but smaller groups (5 or less) can choose to skip the hands on portion
Coming Storm DVD: can be borrowed
Scenarios presentation: we will conduct 4 drills/scenarios to illustrate the various responses to active shooter incidents. Participation in the scenarios is not mandatory but encouraged. If you feel you cannot participate please don’t and don’t feel pressured to do so. Those drills are as follows:
Drill 1: Traditional lockdown method
Drill 2: Lockdown/barricade only
Drill 3: Counter only
Drill 4: Ambush/shooter in your space first

18. Questions?