1. Ticking in Place for the Microbiome to Message Out
Xue Liang, Scott J. Bultman 
Cell Metabolism 
Volume 24, Issue 6, Pages (December 2016)
DOI: /j.cmet
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2. Figure 1
A Model Where Microbial Metabolites Transduce Circadian Signals from the Central Pacemaker to Peripheral Tissues
Light-dark cycle regulates core clock components of the circadian pacemaker (1), which regulates temporal feeding behavior (2). Temporal feeding behavior results in circadian oscillation of gut microbiota localization (3) and microbial-derived metabolites (4), which leads to oscillating chromatin modifications such as histone acetylation and oscillating gene expression patterns in colonic epithelial cells (5). Circulation of oscillating metabolites leads to oscillating patterns of gene expressions in the liver (6). Antibiotics perturb the gut microbial community (7), and this includes the eradication of oscillating microbiota and bacterial adherence to epithelium, which alters metabolites and the normal cyclic expression of oscillating genes. Red peaks and troughs represent oscillating microbiota, metabolites, chromatin modifications, and gene expression. IEC, colonic intestinal epithelial cells.
Cell Metabolism  , DOI: ( /j.cmet )
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