1. Important Elements
of the
Constitution

2. Separation of Powers

4. Parts of the Constitution

5. Types of Powers: Enumerated v. Implied Powers

6. Enumerated vs. Implied Powers
Article I Section 8 of the Constitution lays out the powers of Congress.
Some of those powers are enumerated and some of them are implied.
What’s the difference?

7. Enumerated Powers
Powers that are specifically listed in the Constitution
Examples:
Power to collect taxes
Coin money
Declare war

8. Implied Powers
Powers that Congress can claim as part of its lawmaking responsibility
In other words, these are powers that are not specifically listed, but are implied (or it can be assumed) to be powers belonging to Congress

9. Concurrent Powers
Powers that are shared by the federal and the state governments
Example:
Collect taxes
Establish courts
Punish criminals

10. Reserved Powers
Powers that belong to the states and are denied to the federal government
Examples:
Regulating trade within the state (intrastate commerce)
Establish local governments
Conduct elections

11. Supremacy Clause
Says that the Constitution is the “Supreme Law of the Land”
This means that federal law trumps all state and local laws

12. Necessary and Proper Clause
In Section 8 of Article 1, the Constitution says that Congress can “make all laws which shall be necessary and proper” for carrying out its duties
This is also sometimes called the Elastic Clause, because it means that Congress’ powers can be stretched to cover a variety of issues or circumstances

13. Amendment Process