1. Political Theory Born 1588 Tutor for Baron of Hardwick’s family
Significant time in Europe—scientific revolution
Translation of History of the Peloponnesian War
The Elements of Law, Natural and Political = Human Nature and De Corpore Politico
Math tutor for Charles II in Paris
Thomas Hobbes

2. Political Theory Leviathan (1651):
Theory of civil government in relation to the political crisis resulting from the English Civil War
State of Nature:
All have a right to everything in the world
Due to scarcity, there is a constant, and rights-based, "war of all against all"
Life in the state of nature is "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short"
To end war, he forms peaceful societies by entering into a social contract
Frontispiece of Leviathan

3. Political Theory Society: Population Under an authority
Whom all individuals in that society promise just enough of their natural right
Authority to be able to insure internal peace and a common defense
Sovereign should be a Leviathan, an absolute authority whether monarch, aristocracy or democracy
Frontispiece of Leviathan

4. Political Theory Society: Hobbes preferred monarchy
Abuses of power by this authority are to be accepted as the price of peace
separation of powers is rejected: the sovereign must control civil, military, judicial and ecclesiastical powers
Frontispiece of Leviathan

5. Political Theory Born 1632 Educated in medicine and philosophy
Personal physician to Earl of Shaftesbury, founder of the Whig political party
Letters on Toleration
First and Second Treatises of Civil Government—written to defend the Glorious Revolution
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
Accompanied Mary II, wife of William III, back to England in 1688
John Locke

6. Political Theory Society:
Original state of nature was happy and characterized by reason and tolerance
Adding labor to objects provided a way of adding them to our own personal property
Inalienable rights: all human beings were equal and free to pursue life, health, liberty, and possessions
Government could only be legitimate if it received the consent of the governed through a social contract

7. Political Theory Society:
5. Government protected the natural rights of life, liberty, and estate
6. Right of Rebellion
If citizen consent was not given
If government failed to protect inalienable rights of citizens

8. Political Theory Mayflower Compact Decision: Stay Relocate
Land patent granted by James I to London Virginia Company in 1619 (red area)
Navigation errors and weather locate them off course into land chartered to the Plymouth Company (green area)
Decision:
Stay
Relocate

9. Political Theory
Mayflower Compact
Stay, but…..

10. Political Theory Mayflower Compact Concepts:
Notion of a social contract
Establish a civil government
Majority rule model
Proclaim the settlers’ allegiance to the king
Belief in covenants

11. Political Theory Mayflower Compact
“solemnly and mutually in the presence of God, and one another”
“covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil body politic” (group organized for government)
“our better ordering and preservation and furtherance of the ends”
“by virtue (authority) hereof, to enact, constitute, and frame such just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions and offices from time to time”

12. Political Theory Mayflower Compact
“as shall be thought most meet (fitting) and convenient for the general good of the colony”
“we promise all due submission and obedience”

13. Political Theory Mayflower Compact
“as shall be thought most meet (fitting) and convenient for the general good of the colony”
“we promise all due submission and obedience”