1. Nevada Del Ruiz Columbia 1985 (Predominant volcanic hazard: LAHAR)

2. Mt. Etna, Sicily 2002 (but ongoing activity
Mt.Etna, Sicily 2002 (but ongoing activity..) (Predominant volcanic hazard- lava flows)

3. Volcanic Hazards – Summary Diagram complete p.81

4. N.B A ‘Fumerole’ is an area of superheated water that turns to steam when it condenses on the surface

5. What is the difference between a primary and secondary volcanic hazard?
PRIMARY HAZARDS : occur initially as a direct result of the volcano e.g. volcanic gas
SECONDARY HAZARDS: occur as result of the primary hazards e.g. tsunamis

6. Primary Volcanic Hazards
Lava Flows
Pyroclastic Flows
Ash and Tephra Fall
Volcanic Gases

7. Secondary Volcanic Hazards
Lahars
Jokulhaup
Volcanic Landslides
Tsunamis
Flooding
Climate change

8. TASK
Research then write your own detailed notes in the workbooklet on types of volcanic hazards. Try and find at least 1 named example for each.
1: Primary Hazards
(Lava flows, pyroclastic flows, ash falls, gas eruptions)
2: Secondary Hazards
( Lahars, jokulhlaup)
Refs: Hodder p12-13 and any other sources you can find

9. ‘Why are some volcanoes more hazardous than others?’
TASK
. Read and make notes from the Geoactive article:
‘Why are some volcanoes more hazardous than others?’

11. June 2012:
Study fig 1, a satellite image of the Mayon volcano in the Philippines and the area to the south and east.
Comment on the nature of the hazards that this volcano may present ( 7)
Tips:
So , you need to look AT AND BEYOND the photo for comment…
Think about the causes and consequences…
Use connectives- i.e this could lead to.. and then possibly to…etc

12. Today’s lesson objectives
To understand what makes a volcano hazardous
To be able to classify into primary hazards
( lava flows, pyroclastic flows, ash falls, gas eruptions) and secondary hazards(lahars, jokulhlaup)