1. To evaluate the United States as a world power in the early 1800s?
Do now: Open your laptop. Download the PPT file entitled “U.S. in the early 1800s. Complete the do now and be prepared to discuss your answers.

2. Do Now: Monroe Doctrine
“Attempts by Spain to restore its authority at the end of the Napoleonic Wars triggered a series of independence movements in the Spanish colonies. The U.S. recognized the independence of these nations, but feared Spain might try to reconquer them. President Monroe announced the Monroe Doctrine (1823).”
~ The Key to Understanding U.S. History and Government
“The Monroe Doctrine had four main points:
1) The United States would not get involved in European affairs.
2) The United States would not interfere with existing European colonies in the Western Hemisphere.
3) No other nation could form a new colony in the Western Hemisphere.
4) If a European nation tried to control or interfere with a nation in the Western Hemisphere, the United States would view it as a hostile act against this nation.”
What were the circumstances leading to the formulation of the Monroe Doctrine?
What were its major provisions?
Why might Latin Americans be concerned about the Monroe Doctrine?

3. The Louisiana Purchase
The Greatest Land Deal
in the History of the United States!

4. To judge if the United States was prepared to be a Superpower in the early 1800s.
Do now: Open your laptop. Download the file entitled “U.S. in the early 1800s. Complete the do now and be prepared to discuss your answers.

5. Where Was the Original Louisiana Territory?

6. Who Claimed the Louisiana Territory?
Native Americans
French
British
Spanish
Americans

7. Mississippi mound builders
Native Americans
14,000 years ago — Native Americans began to occupy the lower Mississippi Valley.
Mississippi mound builders

8. French
1682 — French explorers claimed the entire Mississippi River drainage and named it for King Louis V.
1722 — New Orleans, established by a private French trading company for the shipment of exports from the Mississippi Valley, mainly furs, tobacco, and indigo, became the capitol of the Territory.
New Orleans

9. France held claim for 80 years.
Shape Shifting
France held claim for 80 years.

10. British
1763 — In the Treaty of Paris, which concluded the Seven Years' War (known as the "French and Indian War" in North America), major land exchanges are made. All of Louisiana east of the Mississippi, except New Orleans, goes to Britain.
New Orleans and all of Louisiana west of the Mississippi goes to Spain.
SPANISH
WEST
BRITISH
EAST
LOUISIANA .
Mississippi River
New Orleans

11. West of the Mississippi
Spanish
West of the Mississippi
East of the Mississippi
1783 — Following the American War of Independence, Britain cedes its old Louisiana Territory land east of the Mississippi, to the United States, and gives Florida back to Spain.
U.S.
Mississippi R.
SPANISH
New Orleans
and
Florida

12. Spain held claim for 38 years.
Shape Shifting
Spain held claim for 38 years.

13. Si! si! America may use my beautiful port. Charles IV, King of Spain
Spanish New Orleans
1795 — Charles Pinckney, U.S. Minister to Spain, negotiates an agreement with Spain allowing Americans to use New Orleans as a duty-free port for foreign commerce, for renewable three-year periods.
Si! si! America may use my beautiful port.
Charles IV, King of Spain

14. Napoleon and the Mosquitoes
O K Guys, I’m taking over!
That’s what you think!
Napoleon, an aggressive, ambitious military genius.
Mosquito, an aggressive, yellow-fever-carrying insect.

15. Why Does Napoleon Want Louisiana?
Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte has a vision of a renewed western empire for France.
Control over the vast Louisiana Territory would halt the westward expansion of the young United States and would supply French colonies in the West Indies with the goods they needed.

16. Napoleon’s Scheme
I LOVE power!
His scheme includes the recapture of Louisiana from a very weak Spain.
Napoleon takes a break from his conquests in Europe to send French troops to the West Indies.

17. First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte
The BIG Secret
Oui,
Charlie. For dis, I weel geeve your son-in-law a leetle Italian kingdom.
1800 — Secretly, under pressure from Napoleon Bonaparte, King Charles IV of Spain, gives ALL of Louisiana, including New Orleans, back to France, on condition that it not be sold or given to any other country.
Weak Spain and strong France secretly sign the Treaty of San Idelfonso.
First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte

18. France held claim for 3 years.
Shape Shifting
France held claim for 3 years.

19. Meanwhile….back in the U.S.A.
Thomas Jefferson
Meanwhile….back in the U.S.A.

20. 1801
Mississippi River
When Thomas Jefferson became president in 1801, two out of every three Americans lived within fifty miles of the Atlantic Ocean.
Only four crude roads crossed the Allegheny Mountains.
The U.S. ended on the eastern banks of the Mississippi River.
Florida was governed by Spain
Allegheny Mountains
Ohio River
Spanish
Florida

21. Western U.S. Territories
Out West, we frontiersmen have our own agenda.
APPALACHIAN MTS.
The half-million Americans (one out of 10) who already lived west of the Appalachian Mountains felt they had found their own “national” interests.
Ha! Ha!
In the East, we have all the good ports

22. Western U.S. Territories
Many people along the Mississippi viewed themselves as the seeds of an independent nation that would tap into the world marketplace, not by going east to the Atlantic seaboard, but by following the Ohio and Mississippi river system down to the Gulf of Mexico.

23. Jefferson’s Plan
Jefferson knew the inhabitants of this region posed a risk of secession from the United States. After all, the nation, only 18 years old, was born of rebellion.
He was determined to obtain the vital trading port of New Orleans for the United States, in part to prevent the West from breaking away.
Port of New Orleans (1870)

24. The Secret is Discovered
Jefferson just wants a little port.
1801 — President Thomas Jefferson is shocked when he learns the secret Treaty of San Idelfonso.
Considering strong French control over New Orleans to be a serious threat, he instructs his Minister to France in Paris, Robert R. Livingston, to try to buy New Orleans and Florida, or at least western Florida.
Robert Livingston, Minister to France

25. Jefferson Stands Up to Napoleon
Also, Jefferson let it be known that the U.S would ally itself with England and fight France if the French start a war on the continent.
The French decline to sell New Orleans or western Florida.
I weel have it all!!
Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte

26. Toussaint L’Overture
Florida
The
West
Indies
Haiti
Two years later…the French army off the coast of Florida in the West Indies is having some problems.

27. Napoleon’s Plan Collapses
I LOVE power!
1803- Napoleon's plan collapses when his Caribbean army is defeated by yellow fever carrying mosquitoes and a brilliant black general named Toussaint L’Overture who has been leading a slave revolt on French Haiti for 12 years.
General Toussaint L’Overture

28. The Best-Laid Plans…
I hate mosquitoes!
The remaining French troops are forced to return to France defeated. Thus preventing them from reaching their ultimate destination--Louisiana--and from being able to defend it.
As Napoleon's New World empire disintegrates, the loss of French Haiti makes Louisiana unnecessary.

29. What Jefferson Wanted
I just want a little port near the Mississippi River.

30. James Monroe, Minister to Spain and France
You can count on me to secure the deal, Mr. President.
Jefferson Persists
President Jefferson, learning that the defeated French might be willing to consider selling some land after all, sends Monroe to Paris with instructions from Secretary of State, James Madison, to buy a small piece of land.
Congress appropriates $2 million.
James Monroe, Minister to Spain and France

31. The French Reply
$2 million?
No deal!
Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Perigord, the French Minister of Foreign Relations, declines the offer.
Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Perigord, the French Minister of Foreign Relations

32. You may have zee whole territory. I’m going home.
The BIG Surprise!
You may have zee whole territory. I’m going home.
Needing money to prosecute his campaigns elsewhere on the globe, Napoleon changes his mind and decides to offer to sell ALL of Louisiana, (including New Orleans) to the United States.

33. Let’s Make A Deal
Robert Livingston is prepared to pay only $2 million for a PORT such as New Orleans.
Talleyrand says Louisiana would be worthless to France without the port city, and asks Livingston to make an offer.
Louisiana Purchase negotiations

34. Jefferson Acts Quickly
I will stretch my presidential power ‘till it cracks!
Although there are no provisions in the Constitution for buying territories, Jefferson, a Republican, has Congress appropriate $10 million.
The Federalist Party is very unhappy.
President Thomas Jefferson

35. The Final Offer How about $15 million for ALL of it?
Let’s see James, Congress only gave us $10 million.
Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Perigord, the French Minister of Foreign Relations
James Monroe, Minister to France and Spain
Robert Livingston, Minister to France

36. Louisiana Purchase Treaty
A Waste of Money?
Amazed by the offer, Jefferson accepted and rushed the treaty through Congress, in spite of doubts about its constitutionality.
Federalists attacked the purchase not only as a blatant use of executive power, but as a waste of money.
Nevertheless, the treaty was signed.
Louisiana Purchase Treaty

37. What Jefferson Got
April 30, the United States negotiates the purchase of the Louisiana Territory including the port of New Orleans from France for $15 million.
With a stroke of a pen America doubled in size, making it one of the largest nations in the world.
$15,000,000!

38. A Sweet Deal!
The sale included over 600 million acres at a cost of less than 3 cents an acre in what today is the better part of 13 states between the Rocky Mountains and the Mississippi River.

39. Without Shedding A Single Drop of Blood!
For President Thomas Jefferson it was a diplomatic and political triumph.
In one fell swoop the purchase of Louisiana ended the threat of war with France and opened up the land west of the Mississippi to settlement.
The Transfer of Louisiana in St. Louis, 1804.

40. The Heart of America: New Lands to Explore
The Lewis and Clark Expedition

41. War of 1812 Causes of the War Impressment
Britain and France were fighting a war in Europe
Britain began capturing American sailors and “impressing” them, or forcing them to work on British ships
By 1807, Britain had seized more than 1,000 American ships

42. Embargo Act of 1807
President Jefferson convinced Congress to declare an embargo
Jefferson believed the embargo would hurt Britain, but it really hurt America
In 1809, Congress ended the embargo with all countries except Britain and France

43. America’s Desire for Canada
Americans saw that Canada was not well-defended by Britain
Americans wanted more land and believed that people in Canada would want to join the United States

44. The War Hawks
A group of Republican Congressmen from the South and West
Wanted war against Britain
Led by Senator John C. Calhoun of South Carolina and Henry Clary of Kentucky

45. Election of 1808 James Madison, a Democratic-Republican, won
In the Spring of 1812, Madison decided to go to war against Britain

46. The War in Canada Americans were unprepared for war
The British captured Detroit and the Americans failed to capture Canada
Many Native Americans helped the British because they wanted to stop Americans from taking more land

47. The War at Sea The U.S. Navy was young and outnumbered
In November of 1812, the British blockaded the Chesapeake and Delaware Bays
The blockade grew throughout the war
By 1813, most American ships were unable to leave their ports

49. The War on Land Battle for Washington
The British invaded Washington, D.C. in 1814
British soldiers burned the Capitol, the White House, and other public buildings
Before the British burned the White House, Dolley Madison saved a famous painting of George Washington

50. Battle at Fort McHenry
Francis Scott Key: an American lawyer and prisoner of the British
Saw an American flag flying over Ft. McHenry after the battle
The flag inspired Key to write “The Star-Spangled Banner”

51. The Battle of New Orleans (1815)
The most famous/important battle of the War
Americans were lead to victory by General Andrew Jackson
The battle continued even after the war ended because word did not reach the Americans for several weeks

52. The Treaty of Ghent
In December, 1815, British and Americans met in Ghent, Belgium to negotiate a peace treaty
Results of the war:
Britain and American became better allies
America gained respect from other countries

53. End

54. This powerpoint was kindly donated to www.worldofteaching.com
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55. Monroe Doctrine
· North and South America should no longer be thought of as areas for European colonization.
· The U.S. would not interfere with European affairs, and European countries should not interfere with the affairs of any nation in the Western Hemisphere.
GOALS:
- To protect the independence of new Latin American nations.
- To keep Russia from moving south into the U.S. from Alaska.

56. Monroe Doctrine, A Live Wire (New York Herald, by permission of the New York Sun, Inc.)