1. Communications, Networks, the Internet, and the World Wide Web
Chapter 2

2. Learning Objectives
Define communications (telecommunications) in the context of computer systems.
Identify the basic components of a communications system.
Describe how and why networked computers are used within schools and school districts.
Explain what the internet is and how it works.
List the major services on the Internet and explain how they work.

3. Learning Objectives Define the World Wide Web (WWW).
Explain how a Web site delivers information.
Demonstrate the ability to use WWW search tools.
Demonstrate the ability to create a simple Web site (later in class)
Describe the educational implications of the Internet and the World Wide Web
Understand security and netiquette issues related to the Internet and the WWW.

4. Define Telecommunications
The exchange of information over significant distances by electronic means.
Examples of applications
Telecommuting
Videoconferencing
Internet
POTS
Television
Radio

5. What is a Communications Network?
A communications network is a collection of computers and other equipment organized to share, data, hardware, and software.
Networks also require communications software.

6. Communications Networks
notebook computers
Web-enabled PDAs
smart phones
servers
GPS receivers
desktop computers
mainframe computers
set-top boxes
Tablet PCs

7. Communications Networks
Local Area Networks (LAN)
Covers limited geographical area
Server manages resources
Wide Area Networks (WAN)
Covers large geographical area
Can consist of several LANs

8. Networking the Classroom, School and School District.
Limited Local Area Network (LAN) connecting computers, printers and other devices within the confines of the classroom.

9. Networking the Classroom, School and School District.
Providing a network between the
Classrooms
Labs
Library
School Administrative areas.
Outside world

10. Networking the Classroom, School and School District.
Providing a network between the
Schools
Administrative Buildings
Outside world

11. Wireless Networks (WAN)
Provides access to networks without wire or cable.
Most notebooks and other devices are coming with wireless capabilities.
Most PC’s can be ordered with wireless network cards or they can be installed aftermarket.
Great advantage in retrofitting a school.

12. Benefits of Networks in Schools
Sharing of computer hardware, software, and data resources
Access to educational resources
Communicate with other educators and students

13. What is the Internet?
The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that link together millions of businesses, governments, educational institutions, and individuals.
Each of these networks provides resources and data that add to the abundance of goods, services, and information accessible via the Internet.

14. A Brief History of the Internet
The Pentagon’s Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) begins a project to network computers around the country, ARPNET.
1969 The first computers are connected to the ARPNET
1972 The first is sent
1981 the IBM PC is introduced
1984 Apple introduces the McIntosh computer

15. A Brief History of the Internet
1989 Tim Bernes-Lee invents the World Wide Web
1992 Windows 3.1 is introduced
1993 a graphic interface for the WWW is created called Mosaic. This will become Netscape Navigator.

16. How the Internet Works - Connecting to the Internet
Slow speed technology
Dial-up access
High speed technology
Digital subscriber line (DSL)
Cable television Internet services (CATV),
Satellite
Wireless Broadband
Connection is always on

17. How the Internet Works – Services Provided
File Transfer Protocol
World Wide Web
Streaming media
Chat rooms and message boards.
These services are called protocols in the computer world.
A protocol is a standard procedure for regulating data transmission between computers

18. How the Internet Works – Services Provided
WWW
FTP
Streaming Media

19. How the Internet Works – How Data is Sent
Data is divided into packets
Packets are sent across the Internet using various types of equipment
Packets are reassembled at receiving computer.

20. How the Internet Works – The Structure
Networks from private industry
Telephone companies
Cable companies
Satellite companies
Government

21. How the Internet Works – Three Main Parts
Client
Server
Backbone
Internet
Cloud

22. How the Internet Works – Addressing
The Internet Protocol Address or IP Address
Known as the dotted quad xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
Number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to Internet
Domain Name is the text version of IP Address =

23. What is the World Wide Web?
The World Wide Web, or simply Web, consists of a worldwide collection of electronic documents, Web pages, organized into Web sites.

24. The World Wide Web – the URL
The Universal Resource Locator (URL)
Unique address for a web page located on a specific web server.
protocol
domain name
path

25. The World Wide Web – the Web Page
Web pages consist of three components;
Text
Multimedia
Graphics
Audio
Video
Hyperlinks

26. The World Wide Web – Hyperlinks
Text or graphics that connect (link) to other web pages.
Three types of links
Items found elsewhere on the same page
Different web pages in the same site.
Other web sites.
Hyperlinks can be text or graphics

27. The World Wide Web – The Web Browser
Web Browser Software
Interprets HTML, displays Web pages and enables you to link to other Web pages and Web sites
The two most popular browsers are;
Internet Explorer
FireFox

28. The World Wide Web – Downloading
The process of transferring information for a server to a client
Downloading information can be effected by a number of variables;
Type of Internet connection
ISP
Time of day and day of week
Amount of information to be downloaded.

29. The World Wide Web – Categories of Web Sites - Portal
A Web site that offers a variety of services from one, convenient location, usually for free

30. The World Wide Web – Categories of Web Sites - News
Contains newsworthy material
Stories and articles relating to current events, life, money, sports, and weather
News Archives

31. The World Wide Web – Categories of Web Sites - Informational
Contains factual information
Created by organizations and government agencies
Make sure that the web site is legitimate

32. The World Wide Web – Categories of Web Sites - Advocacy
Contains content that describes a cause, opinion, or idea

33. The World Wide Web – Categories of Web Sites – Business and Marketing
Contains content that promotes products
Allows you to purchase products or services online
Allows companies to purchase goods and service from other companies

34. The World Wide Web – Categories of Web Sites – Education
Offers avenues for formal and informal teaching and learning
Colleges offer online classes and degrees
Some companies offer online training for employees

35. The World Wide Web – Categories of Web Sites – Entertainment
Offers an interactive environment featuring music, video, sports, games, and more

36. The World Wide Web – Categories of Web Sites – Personal
Web page maintained by private individual
Reasons: sharing life experience with the world or job hunting

37. The World Wide Web – Categories of Web Sites – Blog
An informational Web site consisting of time stamped:
Articles
Posts
In a diary or journal format.

38. The World Wide Web – Netiquette
Netiquette is the code of acceptable behaviors users should follow while on the Internet.
Golden Rule: Treat others as you would like them to treat you.
Website for Netiquette information

39. The World Wide Web – Multimedia – Graphics and Images
Three formats
GIF - simple graphics
JPEG - photographs
PNG – new format
Animate Graphics
Animated GIFs
Flash animations

40. The World Wide Web – Multimedia – Streaming Media
A continuous stream of audio or video.
Is always on and takes up band width for other internet uses.

41. The World Wide Web – Multimedia – Audio
MP3 audio format
Compresses audio to one-tenth of original size while preserving quality of sound
Allows for transfer of music over Web

42. The World Wide Web – Multimedia – Video
Consists of full-motion images with sound played back at various speeds
MPEG is popular video compression standard
Examples
YouTube
WebCams
Movies

43. The World Wide Web – Multimedia – Virtual Reality
Use of computers to simulate real or imagined environment
Appears as a three dimensional (3-D) space

44. The World Wide Web – Plug-ins
Programs that extend the capability of a browser
You can download many plug-ins at no cost from various Web sites

45. The World Wide Web – E-commerce
Short for electronic commerce
Business transaction that occurs over the Internet
Types of e-commerce
Business to Consumer
(B2C) Sale of goods to general public
Consumer to Consumer
(C2C) One consumer sells directly to another
Business to Business
(B2B) Business providing goods and services
to other businesses

46. E-mail The transmission of messages and files via a computer network
Messages can consist of simple text or can contain attachments, such as documents, graphics, or audio/video clips
Internet access providers usually provide an program
Some Web sites—such as MSN Hotmail and Yahoo!—provide free services

47. E-mail The e-mail address is a combination of samjohnson@scsite.com
domain
name
user name

48. E-mail How an e-mail message travels Internet POP 3 routers server
outgoing mail server
Internet
routers
incoming mail server
POP 3
server

49. The World Wide Web – Security
Firewall
Filtering software
Acceptable Use Policy (AUP)