1. Agenda – 04.29.2015 Warm-up 10.3 Reading Preview and Bioterms
10.3 Notes
The Making of the Fittest

2. Warm - up
Tell me what you know about Natural Selection
When you are done start working on 10.3 reading preview

3. OBJECTIVES
Compare artificial selection to natural selection
Examine the factors Darwin considered in forming his theory of natural selection
Summarize the four principles of natural selection

4. KEY CONCEPT Darwin proposed natural selection as a mechanism for evolution.

5. Vocabulary
Artificial Selection – process by which humans modify a species by breeding it for certain traits (304)
Heritability – ability of a trait to be passed from one generation to the next (304).
Natural selection – mechanism by which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations produce more offspring on average than do other individuals (305).
Population – all of the individuals of a species that live in the same area (306).
Fitness – measure of an organism’s ability to survive and produce offspring relative to other members of a population (307).

6. Who Developed the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection?
Charles Darwin
His observations:
Variation: The difference in the physical traits of an individual from those of other individuals in a group.
Adaptation: The features that allow an organism to better survive in its environment
Example: The different beak types of different Galapagos finch species.
Fossils: found evidence of species changing over time which lead him to believe Earth was much more than 6000 years old.

7. Several key insights led to Darwin’s idea for natural selection.
Darwin noticed a lot of variation in domesticated plants and animals.
Artificial selection is the process by which humans select traits through breeding.
neck feathers
crop
tail feathers

8. Does not improve fitness Genetic modification Ex: dog breeds Diversity
Natural selection is a mechanism by which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations produce more offspring on average than do other individuals.
Heritability is the ability of a trait to be passed down.
Darwin proposed that adaptations arose over many generations.
Artificial Selection
Natural Selection
Imposed by humans
Selective breeding
Does not improve fitness
Genetic modification
Ex: dog breeds
Diversity
Variation
Heritable
Driven by natural processes/environment

9. There is a struggle for survival due to overpopulation and limited resources.
A Population is all the individuals of a species that live in an area.
Example: All crows that are around Orange Glen High School. (ON THE NEXT PAGE)

10. Natural selection explains how evolution can occur.
There are four main principles to the theory of natural selection.
variation
overproduction
adaptation
descent with modification
DESCENT with MODIFICATION
ADAPTATION
OVERPRODUCTION
VARIATION

11. Fitness is the measure of survival ability and ability to produce more offspring.
What if…..
A bird outcompletes other birds for food in a particular area and that bird can produce many more eggs, this bird has a high FITNESS

12. Natural selection acts on existing variation.
Natural selection can act only on traits that already exist.
Structures take on new functions in addition to their original function.
wrist bone
five digits

13. Exit Ticket
In your own words, what is the difference between Natural Selection and Artificial Selection.
What did Charles Darwin observe in the world that helped him to come up with his theory of Natural Selection?
List the 4 main principles of Natural Selection