1. Things you should know before you begin!
Soap Project
Things you should know before you begin!

2. How is Soap made? Fat + Base (lye)  Soap + Glycerol
Tallow + Sodium hydroxide  Sodium Tallowate + glycerol

3. Tallow = lard, a hard, white, saturated fat
Sodium Tallowate = soap, a white solid

4. What Kind of Soap do you want to Make?
Hard/white = use lard+sodium hydroxide
Hard/colored= lard+sodium hydroxide+ coloring that you bring in.
Soft/white=unsaturated fat that you bring in+sodium hydroxide
Liquid= use lard+ potassium hydroxide

5. Additives Also bring any other additives such as: Moisturizer Scent
Coloring
Exfoliant
Plus, remember to bring in something to shape/mold your soap!

6. More on Lard Lard/tallow = triglyceride
= 3 fatty acids + glycerol
You have to look up the fatty acids in the Merck Index
Oleic Acid (37-43%)*
Palmitic Acid (24-32%)*
Steric Acid (20-25%)*
Myristic Acid (3-6%)
Linoleic Acid (2-3%)
*use the top three in percent

7. Soap Project Pre-Test What are fat molecules composed of?
What is olive oil composed? (Hint: use the Merck Index!)
Draw a molecule of olive oil. (Hint: use CH 24 book)

8. What is soap made from?
How is soap (CH 24) different from a fatty acid?
How does soap remove grease & oil substances?
What fat & base is sodium tallowate (soap) made from?