1. MOLECULAR SHAPES
MOVING INTO 3-D
vsepr

2. TETRAHEDRAL
Methane: CH4
4 Pairs of Electrons around Central Atom

3. Tetrahedral: More Examples
Ammonium Ion:
Sulfate Ion:
Phosphate:

4. BENT (ANGULAR)
Water:
2 Pairs of Electrons around Central Atom

5. Bent Shape: More Examples
Chlorine Dioxide:
Oxygen Difluoride:
Ozone: O : O O :

6. TRIGONAL PLANAR Boron Trifluoride: BF3
3 Pairs of Electrons Around Central Atom

7. Trigonal Planar: More Examples
Carbonate Ion:
Nitrate Ion:
Phosgene:

8. TRIGONAL PYRAMID
Ammonia:
3 Pairs of Electrons around Central Atom

9. Trigonal Pyramid: More Examples
Nitrogen Trifluoride:
Phosphorous Trichloride: PCl3

10. Linear Molecules:
In a linear model, atoms are connected in a straight line.
The bond angles are set at 180°.
Beryllium Dihydride
Carbon Dioxide
CS2, HCN, BeF2

11. ADDITIONAL SHAPES:

12. ‘CEMENT SOUP ACTIVITY’
Plasticizer: Any of various substances added to plastics or other materials to make or keep them soft or pliable.

13. The Chemistry Behind The Soup:
When Water is added to the Dry Cement;-
Opposite charges in solution come together forming aggregates or ‘clumps’ . Remember opposite charges attract.

14. When a Plasticizer such as Polycarboxylate is then added to the solution; The molecules end up having the same charge which prevents them from coming together and clumping; (remember like charges repel) and the solution becomes like a soup!