1. SCIENCE 1206 - UNIT 3 THE PHYSICS OF MOTION !
Corner Brook Regional High School
SCIENCE UNIT 3 THE PHYSICS OF MOTION !

2. UNIT OUTLINE Measurement and Calculations Vector Quantities
Significant Digits
Scientific Notation
Converting between Units
Accuracy vs. Precision
Vector Quantities
Scalar Quantities
Displacement Calculations
Distance Calculations
Velocity Calculations
Speed Calculations
Acceleration Calculations
Distance-Time Graph
Vector Diagrams
Speed Time Graph

3. BOOK SECTIONS: Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11
Intro, 9.2, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.10
Chapter 10
Intro, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.7
Chapter 11
Intro, 11.1, 11.3, 11.5, 11.7

4. What is PHYSICS? DEFINITION:
The study of motion, matter, energy, and force.
Branches include:
MECHANICS (motion and forces)
WAVES (sound and light)
ENERGY (potential and kinetic, thermodynamics)
MODERN (quantum physics, nuclear physics)

5. Measurement & Calculations
CERTAINTY
Defined as the number of significant digits plus one uncertain (estimated) digit
The last digit of any number is always UNCERTAIN, as measurement devices allow you to estimate.
EXAMPLE:
2.75 m
The “5” is uncertain

6. CERTAINTY
TAKE THE FOLLOWING MEASUREMENT and determine the certain digits and the uncertain digit.
ANSWER:_____________________________

7. CERTAINTY
TAKE THE FOLLOWING MEASUREMENT and determine the certain digits and the uncertain digit.
ANSWER:_____________________________
the 5 is uncertain, it was estimated

8. SIGNIFICANT DIGIT RULES
1. EXACT VALUES
EXACT VALUES have an INFINITE (∞) NUMBER of SIGNIFICANT DIGITS.
TWO TYPES:
COUNTED VALUES – directly counted
Ex: 20 students, 3 dogs, 5 fingers
DEFINED VALUES – always true, constant measures
Ex: 60 s/min, 100 cm/m, 1000 m/km

9. SIGNIFICANT DIGITS RULES
2. ZEROS
ALL NUMBERS in a value are SIGNIFICANT EXCEPT LEADING ZEROS, and TRAILING ZEROS WITH NO DECIMAL.
VALUE
NUMBER OF SIG FIGS
600
606
600.0
0.60
0.606
660

10. SIGNIFICANT DIGIT RULES
3. MULTIPLYING and DIVIDING
WHEN MULTIPLYING(x) and DIVIDING(/), ANSWER has SMALLEST NUMBER of SIGNIFICANT DIGITS.
EXAMPLE:
6.15 x 8.0 =
÷ 2 =

11. SIGNIFICANT DIGIT RULES
3. MULTIPLYING and DIVIDING
WHEN MULTIPLYING(x) and DIVIDING(/), ANSWER has SMALLEST NUMBER of SIGNIFICANT DIGITS.
EXAMPLE:
6.15 x 8.0 =
÷ 2 =

12. SIGNIFICANT DIGITS RULES
4. ADDING AND SUBTRACTING
WHEN ADDING(+) and SUBTRACTING(-), ANSWER has SMALLEST NUMBER of DECIMAL PLACES.
EXAMPLE: =

13. SIGNIFICANT DIGITS RULES
4. ADDING AND SUBTRACTING
WHEN ADDING(+) and SUBTRACTING(-), ANSWER has SMALLEST NUMBER of DECIMAL PLACES.
EXAMPLE: =
116

14. SIGNIFICANT DIGITS RULES
5. ROUNDING
When ROUNDING, if the number is 5 or GREATER, ROUND UP.
Remember, round only once!
VALUE
ROUND to 2 SIG FIGS
61.3 s
12.70 m/s
36.5 km
99.0 m/s2
46.4 min

15. SIGNIFICANT DIGITS RULES
5. ROUNDING
When ROUNDING, if the number is 5 or GREATER, ROUND UP.
Remember, round only once!
VALUE
ROUND to 2 SIG FIGS
61.3 s
12.70 m/s
36.5 km
99.0 m/s2
46.4 min

16. SCIENTIFIC NOTATION
A convenient way of expressing very large and small numbers.
Expressed as a number between 1 and 10 and multiplied by 10x (x = exponent).
LARGE numbers
exponent is # of spaces to the LEFT
SMALL numbers
NEGATIVE exponent is # of spaces to the RIGHT

17. SCIENTIFIC NOTATION EXAMPLES
ROUND THE FOLLOWING to 2 SIGNIFICANT DIGITS.
VALUE
SCIENTIFIC NOTATION
100 m
3500 s
926,000,000,000 h m s
0.1 m/s2

18. SCIENTIFIC NOTATION EXAMPLES
ROUND THE FOLLOWING to 2 SIGNIFICANT DIGITS.
VALUE
SCIENTIFIC NOTATION
100 m
3500 s
926,000,000,000 h m s
0.1 m/s2

19. HOMEWORK
DO Worksheets 1,2, 3 (p. 4-6)in your handout for homework.

23. From the Physics Worksheets Booklet

25. 0.0300

26. WHEN ADDING(+) and SUBTRACTING(-), ANSWER has SMALLEST NUMBER of DECIMAL PLACES.
WHEN MULTIPLYING(x) and DIVIDING(/), ANSWER has SMALLEST NUMBER of SIGNIFICANT DIGITS.

28. Scientific Notation

29. 5 x 10-3
2.5 x 10-1
5.05 x 103
2.5 x 10-2
8 x 10-4
2.5 x 10-3
1 x 103
5 x 102
5 x 103
1 x 106
1500
0.335
0.0015
10,000
0.0375
0.1
375 4
220,000

30. CONVERTING BETWEEN UNITS
BASE UNIT
A unit from which other units may be derived, including units for the following:
Length  metres, m
Mass  kilogram, kg
Time  second, s
Temperature  kelvin, K
In science, we use SI BASE UNITS, from the INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS.
DERIVED UNIT
A unit which is derived from base units.
Ex: m/s

31. Some Examples of Base Units

32. CONVERTING BETWEEN UNITS
METRIC PREFIXES
Values placed in front of the base units.
PREFIX
SYMBOL
FACTOR
giga G
109
mega M
106
kilo k
103
hecta h
102
deca da
101
SI BASE UNITS
deci d
10-1
centi c
10-2
milli m
10-3
micro μ
10-6
nano n
10-9

34. CONVERTING BETWEEN UNITS
To convert, using the following system:
TO THE RIGHT  multiply by 10
TO THE LEFT  divide by 10
G M k h da SI BASE UNITS d c m μ n
DIVIDE BY 10
MULTIPLY BY 10

35. CONVERTING BETWEEN UNITS
EXAMPLES:
1.6 m = ____________ μm
340 N = ____________ hN

36. CONVERTING BETWEEN UNITS
EXAMPLES:
1.6 m = ____________ μm (micro-meter)
340 N = ____________ hN (hecta-newton)
1.6 x 106 = 1,600,000
340 /100 = 3.4

37. CONVERTING BETWEEN UNITS
EXAMPLES:
1250 cm = ____________ km
4.7 Gg = ____________ ng

38. CONVERTING BETWEEN UNITS
EXAMPLES:
1250 cm = ____________ km
4.7 Gg = ____________ ng
1250/ = .0125
(1 km = 1000m and 1 m=100 cm)
4.7 x 1018
Do the metric hops!

39. CONVERTING BETWEEN UNITS
In addition to using metric prefixes, we also convert between SI UNITS and other accepted systems of measurement.
Here are some helpful CONVERSION FACTORS you should know when studying MOTION:
1 km = 1000 m
1 h = 3600 s
1 m/s = 3.6 km/h

40. So again…. 1 meter/second = 3.6 km/hr
..and where did that number come from….
So again….
1 meter/second = 3.6 km/hr

41. CONVERTING BETWEEN UNITS
CONVERT THE FOLLOWING:
23 min = ____________ h
0.47 h= ____________ s

42. CONVERTING BETWEEN UNITS
CONVERT THE FOLLOWING:
23 min = ____________ h
0.47 h= ____________ s
23/60 = = .38
1700
WHEN MULTIPLYING(x) and DIVIDING(/), ANSWER has SMALLEST NUMBER of SIGNIFICANT DIGITS.

43. CONVERTING BETWEEN UNITS
CONVERT THE FOLLOWING:
4.5 km/h = ____________ m/s
30.2 m/s = ____________ km/h

44. CONVERTING BETWEEN UNITS
CONVERT THE FOLLOWING:
4.5 km/h = ____________ m/s
30.2 m/s = ____________ km/h
WHEN MULTIPLYING(x) and DIVIDING(/), ANSWER has SMALLEST NUMBER of SIGNIFICANT DIGITS

45. HOMEWORK
DO WORKSHEETS 4 and 5 (p in your handout) for homework.

48. Pages 4 and 5 of
Work Book
Divide
Multiply

49. That’s 5 hops to the right, so multiply by 105
Let’s convert 1000 km to cms.
That’s 5 hops to the right, so multiply by 105
1000 x 105 = 100,000,000 cms in 1000 km
1000 km x 1000 m x 100 cm = 100,000,000 cm
1 km m

50. #2.
250 x which is the same as 2.5 x 10-7
(2.5 x 10-4)

51. 4 spaces to the left
9 spaces to the right

53. WHEN MULTIPLYING(x) and DIVIDING(/), ANSWER has SMALLEST NUMBER of SIGNIFICANT DIGITS.

55. WHEN ADDING(+) and SUBTRACTING(-), ANSWER has SMALLEST NUMBER of DECIMAL PLACES.
WHEN MULTIPLYING(x) and DIVIDING(/), ANSWER has SMALLEST NUMBER of SIGNIFICANT DIGITS.

56. REMEMBER TO READ ALL INSTRUCTIONS!
ROUND FIRST!!!!
Ex: 

57. 1 m/s = 3.6 km/h 1 h = 3600 s 1 km = 1000 m 65 min = 0.045 days
1 d = min (60 x 24)
WHEN MULTIPLYING(x) and DIVIDING(/), ANSWER has SMALLEST NUMBER of SIGNIFICANT DIGITS.

59. ASSESSMENT TIME! UNIT 3 QUIZ 1
Significant Digits, Rounding, Scientific Notation, Converting Between Units
Closed Book Quiz
Similar to Worksheet 5
CLASS QUIZ DATE:____________________

60. ACCURACY
Accuracy measures how close a measurement is to an ACCEPTED or TRUE VALUE.
It is expressed as a PERCENT VALUE (%).
Often, poor accuracy is a result of flaws in equipment or procedure.
EXAMPLE:
Accepted Value  ag = 9.80 m/s2
Experimental Value  ag = 9.50 m/s2
Accuracy = 96.9 %

61. PRECISION
Precision measures the reliability, repeatability, or consistency of a measurement.
It is expressed as the accepted value ± a discrepancy.
Often, poor precision is a result of flaws in techniques by the experimenter.
EXAMPLE:
Accepted Value  ag = m/s2
Experimental Value  ag = 9.50 m/s2
Precision = 9.80 m/s2 ± .306

62. ACCURACY vs. PRECISION EXAMPLE:
Describe the ACCURACY and PRECISION of each of the following results.

64. HOW DO WE DESCRIBE WHAT WE OBSERVE IN SCIENCE?
QUALITITATIVE DESCRIPTIONS
Describing with words.
These descriptions are made using the 5 senses.
Example:
colour of a solution
odor of a chemical product
sound of thunder
QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTIONS
Describing with numbers (i.e., quantities).
These descriptions are made by counting and measuring.
height of a building
speed of an airplane

65. REARRANGING EQUATIONS
POINTS to REMEMBER:
Whatever you do to ONE SIDE of an EQUATION, you must do to the OTHER SIDE.
Do not move the item you are trying to isolate. Move EVERYTHING ELSE!!!
“Do the opposite” to move a variable. For example, to move a variable that is multiplied, divide by it.

66. REARRANGING EQUATIONS
Rearrange the following equations to solve for the variable indicated:
a = v Solve for v. t

67. REARRANGING EQUATIONS
Rearrange the following equations to solve for the variable indicated:
a =v Solve for v t
Multiply both sides by t:
t x a = v x t = t x a =v t
Cross multiply: v = a x t

68. REARRANGING EQUATIONS
y = mx + b Solve for m.

69. REARRANGING EQUATIONS
y =mx + b Solve for m.
Subtract b on both sides:
y – b = mx + b – b
y – b = mx
Divide both sides by X:
y – b = mx so m = y – b
x x x

70. HOMEWORK
DO WORKSHEET 6 (page 14 in your handout) for homework.

72. a = v solve for t: t at = v and t = v a
Rearrange the following equations and solve for the variable indicated. a)
a = v solve for t: t
at = v and t = v a

73. Solve for n: b)
c = n (cross multiply) v
cv = n

74. c) Solve for M
n = m M
nM = m
M = m n

75. Solve for R d)
PV = nRT
nT nT
PV = R nT

76. Solve for X e)
y = mx + b
y – b = mx +b – b
y – b = mx
y – b = x m

77. Solve for r f)
C = 2∏r
C = r 2∏

78. Solve for a: g)
d = 1aT2 2
2d = 1aT22
2d = aT2
T T2

79. Solve for T h)
d = 1aT2 2
2d = aT2
2d = T2 a
√2d = T

80. Solve for ΔT i)
V2 = V1 + aΔT
V2 – V1 = a ΔT
V2 – V1 = ΔT a

81. Solve for Vf d = (Vi + Vf)T 2 2d = (Vi + Vf)T 2d = (Vi + Vf)T x 1 T Tj)
d = (Vi + Vf)T 2
2d = (Vi + Vf)T
2d = (Vi + Vf)T x 1
T T
2d=Vi + Vf T
2d – Vi = Vf